A nurse is teaching a health class about colorectal cancer. Which information is incorrect and should not be included in the teaching session?

A risk factor is high intake of animal fats or red meat.

A warning sign is rectal bleeding.

A risk factor is smoking.

A warning sign is diarrhea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: High intake of animal fats or red meat is a recognized risk factor for colorectal cancer. These foods, high in saturated fats, may promote inflammation and alter gut microbiota, increasing carcinogenesis risk in the colon, supported by epidemiological studies linking diet to cancer.

Choice B reason: Rectal bleeding is a warning sign of colorectal cancer. It results from tumor erosion or ulceration in the colon or rectum, causing blood in stool. This symptom prompts diagnostic evaluation, like colonoscopy, to detect malignancy early, improving treatment outcomes.

Choice C reason: Smoking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Tobacco’s carcinogenic compounds, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, damage colonic mucosa, increasing mutation risk. Smoking also promotes inflammation, contributing to tumor development, making it a significant modifiable risk factor in colorectal cancer prevention.

Choice D reason: Diarrhea is not a specific warning sign of colorectal cancer. While it may occur, it’s more commonly associated with infections or irritable bowel syndrome. Cancer typically presents with persistent bleeding, weight loss, or bowel habit changes, making diarrhea less diagnostic and misleading for teaching.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Replacing a PCA syringe ensures continued pain control but is less urgent than acute severe pain. PCA systems often have residual medication, allowing a brief delay without compromising pain management, so this is not the priority.

Choice B reason: Pre-medicating before walking prevents pain exacerbation but is less critical than addressing existing severe pain. Scheduled mobility can be delayed slightly to prioritize acute needs, making this a lower priority intervention.

Choice C reason: A patient with 8/10 pain and an immediate order indicates acute, severe distress requiring urgent intervention. Severe pain can elevate stress hormones, heart rate, and blood pressure, necessitating prompt medication to stabilize the patient and alleviate suffering.

Choice D reason: Scheduled maintenance medication maintains baseline pain control but is not urgent compared to acute 8/10 pain. Delaying a scheduled dose briefly is less likely to cause harm than untreated severe pain, making this a lower priority.

A. Choose a time based on the patient’s pattern to initiate defecation-control measures. B. Lean backward on the hips while sitting on the toilet C. Maintain normal exercise within the patient’s physical ability. D. Record times when the patient is incontinent E. Help the patient to the toilet at the designated time. F. Apply pressure with hands over the abdomen and strain while pushing

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Choosing a time based on the patient’s defecation pattern leverages the gastrocolic reflex, promoting regular bowel movements. Scheduled toileting aligns with natural rhythms, enhancing bowel training success and reducing incontinence episodes.

Choice B reason: Leaning backward on the toilet is not recommended, as it misaligns the anorectal angle, hindering defecation. A forward-leaning or squatting position facilitates easier stool passage, making this action incorrect for bowel training.

Choice C reason: Normal exercise stimulates peristalsis through abdominal muscle movement and increased blood flow to the gut. Within the patient’s ability, it supports regular bowel function, making it an essential component of a bowel training program.

Choice D reason: Recording incontinence times identifies patterns and triggers, allowing tailored interventions. This data informs adjustments to the toileting schedule or dietary changes, improving the effectiveness of the bowel training program.

Choice E reason: Helping the patient to the toilet at designated times ensures adherence to the scheduled toileting plan, especially for those with mobility or cognitive issues. It promotes continence and reinforces the bowel training routine.

Choice F reason: Applying abdominal pressure and straining (Valsalva maneuver) risks pelvic floor strain, hemorrhoids, or cardiovascular stress. Gentle defecation with proper positioning is safer and more effective, making this action inappropriate for bowel training.

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A nurse is teaching a health class about colorectal cancer. Which information is incorrect and should not be included in the teaching session?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is administering pain medication for several patients. Which patient does the nurse administer medication to first?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is preparing a bowel training program for a patient. Which actions will the nurse take? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

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A nurse is teaching a health class about colorectal cancer. Which information is incorrect and should not be included in the teaching session?

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