A nurse is teaching a health class about colorectal cancer. Which information is incorrect and should not be included in the teaching session?
A risk factor is high intake of animal fats or red meat.
A warning sign is rectal bleeding.
A risk factor is smoking.
A warning sign is diarrhea.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: High intake of animal fats or red meat is a recognized risk factor for colorectal cancer. These foods, high in saturated fats, may promote inflammation and alter gut microbiota, increasing carcinogenesis risk in the colon, supported by epidemiological studies linking diet to cancer.
Choice B reason: Rectal bleeding is a warning sign of colorectal cancer. It results from tumor erosion or ulceration in the colon or rectum, causing blood in stool. This symptom prompts diagnostic evaluation, like colonoscopy, to detect malignancy early, improving treatment outcomes.
Choice C reason: Smoking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Tobacco’s carcinogenic compounds, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, damage colonic mucosa, increasing mutation risk. Smoking also promotes inflammation, contributing to tumor development, making it a significant modifiable risk factor in colorectal cancer prevention.
Choice D reason: Diarrhea is not a specific warning sign of colorectal cancer. While it may occur, it’s more commonly associated with infections or irritable bowel syndrome. Cancer typically presents with persistent bleeding, weight loss, or bowel habit changes, making diarrhea less diagnostic and misleading for teaching.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pain of 4/10 indicates a need for analgesia, and ibuprofen is appropriate for mild to moderate pain. This does not warrant holding the medication, as it aligns with the drug’s therapeutic purpose.
Choice B reason: Respiratory depression from opioids is unrelated to ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). While concerning, it does not contraindicate ibuprofen administration, though it requires separate intervention for opioid toxicity.
Choice C reason: A bowel movement 2 days ago suggests mild constipation, not a contraindication for ibuprofen. While NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal irritation, this finding alone does not justify holding the medication without further symptoms.
Choice D reason: A history of gastric ulcer is a contraindication for ibuprofen, an NSAID that inhibits prostaglandins, reducing gastric mucosal protection. This increases the risk of ulcer reactivation or bleeding, necessitating withholding the medication.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Advancing the catheter 2.5-5 cm after urine flow is incorrect, as this risks advancing too far, potentially injuring the bladder or urethra. The catheter should be inserted until urine flows, then slightly further to ensure bladder placement.
Choice B reason: Contracting pelvic muscles during catheterization is not advised, as it may increase resistance or cause discomfort. Patients should relax to facilitate smooth catheter insertion and minimize trauma to the urethra.
Choice C reason: Inflating a balloon is specific to indwelling (Foley) catheters, not intermittent ones, which lack balloons. This instruction is irrelevant and could confuse the patient, as intermittent catheters are removed after bladder emptying.
Choice D reason: Lubricating the catheter tip with water or water-soluble lubricant reduces friction, easing insertion and minimizing urethral trauma. This is a critical step in self-catheterization to ensure safety and comfort, making it an essential instruction.
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