A nurse is teaching a health class about colorectal cancer. Which information is incorrect and should not be included in the teaching session?
A risk factor is high intake of animal fats or red meat.
A warning sign is rectal bleeding.
A risk factor is smoking.
A warning sign is diarrhea.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: High intake of animal fats or red meat is a recognized risk factor for colorectal cancer. These foods, high in saturated fats, may promote inflammation and alter gut microbiota, increasing carcinogenesis risk in the colon, supported by epidemiological studies linking diet to cancer.
Choice B reason: Rectal bleeding is a warning sign of colorectal cancer. It results from tumor erosion or ulceration in the colon or rectum, causing blood in stool. This symptom prompts diagnostic evaluation, like colonoscopy, to detect malignancy early, improving treatment outcomes.
Choice C reason: Smoking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Tobacco’s carcinogenic compounds, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, damage colonic mucosa, increasing mutation risk. Smoking also promotes inflammation, contributing to tumor development, making it a significant modifiable risk factor in colorectal cancer prevention.
Choice D reason: Diarrhea is not a specific warning sign of colorectal cancer. While it may occur, it’s more commonly associated with infections or irritable bowel syndrome. Cancer typically presents with persistent bleeding, weight loss, or bowel habit changes, making diarrhea less diagnostic and misleading for teaching.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diuretics, particularly thiazides, can reduce urinary calcium excretion, potentially decreasing kidney stone risk. However, some diuretics may increase stone formation indirectly, but they are not a primary risk factor compared to genetic predisposition.
Choice B reason: Family history is a well-established risk factor for urolithiasis, as genetic predispositions influence urinary chemistry (e.g., hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria). Inherited metabolic traits increase stone formation likelihood, making this a significant risk factor for the condition.
Choice C reason: BMI less than 25 (normal weight) is not a risk factor for urolithiasis. Higher BMI (>30) is associated with increased stone risk due to metabolic changes like insulin resistance, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Hypocalcemia is not typically linked to urolithiasis. Hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria (often genetic) increases calcium stone formation, but low calcium levels do not contribute significantly to stone risk, making this incorrect.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect. Peripheral neuropathy in diabetes impairs sensory nerve function, reducing pain perception. Shoes don’t block pain or aid adaptation but act as a physical barrier to prevent injury. Misrepresenting neuropathy’s sensory loss could lead to inadequate patient education, increasing risks of undetected injuries like cuts or infections.
Choice B reason: The concept of “neurological gates” opening with shoes is scientifically inaccurate. Gate control theory explains pain modulation via spinal cord pathways, not footwear. Shoes protect feet mechanically, not neurologically. This misstatement fails to address neuropathy’s sensory deficits, which heighten injury risk without protective footwear, misleading patient education.
Choice C reason: This is correct. Peripheral neuropathy diminishes sensation, so patients may not feel injuries like cuts or punctures. Shoes provide a protective barrier, preventing trauma to insensate feet. This reduces risks of infections or ulcers, critical in diabetic foot care due to impaired healing and increased susceptibility to complications.
Choice D reason: Shoes don’t inherently provide nonpharmacological pain relief for neuropathy. While they may reduce discomfort from pressure or injury, their primary role is injury prevention. Neuropathic pain requires specific treatments like gabapentin or physical therapy, not shoes, which primarily address mechanical protection rather than pain modulation.
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