A nurse is teaching a patient about coronary artery disease (CAD). Which of the following statements made by the patient demonstrates understanding of the disease?

I understand that CAD is caused by the build up of fat deposits in my arteries

Only people with a family history of heart disease are at risk for CAD.

CAD can be completely cured with a healthy diet and exercise.

I should avoid all physical activity to prevent worsening my CAD.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "I understand that CAD is caused by the buildup of fat deposits in my arteries." CAD is caused by the accumulation of plaque (cholesterol, fats, and other substances) within the coronary arteries, which restricts blood flow to the heart muscle.

B. "Only people with a family history of heart disease are at risk for CAD." Although a family history can increase risk, many other factors, like high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, and lifestyle, contribute to CAD risk.

C. "CAD can be completely cured with a healthy diet and exercise." While lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the progression of CAD and improve symptoms, they do not cure the disease.

D. "I should avoid all physical activity to prevent worsening my CAD." Physical activity, when performed safely and under medical guidance, is beneficial for CAD management and can help improve cardiovascular health.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administer high-calorie diet to prevent weight loss. While adequate nutrition is important, a high-calorie diet is not the primary priority in managing heart failure. Sodium and fluid management are usually more crucial to control fluid overload.

B. Reduce sodium intake to help manage fluid retention. Reducing sodium intake is a priority in heart failure management as it helps prevent fluid retention, which reduces workload on the heart and decreases symptoms of fluid overload.

C. Encourage complete bed rest to reduce cardiac workload. Complete bed rest is not recommended as it can lead to deconditioning and increased risk of blood clots. Activity should be balanced according to the patient’s tolerance.

D. Increase fluid intake to maintain hydration. In heart failure, increasing fluid intake could worsen fluid overload. Fluid restriction may be necessary to prevent excess fluid retention.

A. Deep vein thrombosis B. Restless leg syndrome C. Intermittent claudication D. Varicose veins

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis typically causes constant pain, swelling, and redness and does not improve with rest.

B. Restless leg syndrome. Restless leg syndrome is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually at rest, and is not associated with walking.

C. Intermittent claudication. Intermittent claudication is a common symptom of PAD where muscle pain or cramping occurs during activity and is relieved with rest due to insufficient blood flow.

D. Varicose veins. Varicose veins generally cause aching and swelling rather than pain triggered specifically by walking.

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A nurse is teaching a patient about coronary artery disease (CAD). Which of the following statements made by the patient demonstrates understanding of the disease?

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