The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. Which of the following treatment goals should the nurse prioritize?

Administer high-calorie diet to prevent weight loss.

Reduce sodium intake to help manage fluid retention.

Encourage complete bed rest to reduce cardiac workload.

Increase fluid intake to maintain hydration.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Administer high-calorie diet to prevent weight loss. While adequate nutrition is important, a high-calorie diet is not the primary priority in managing heart failure. Sodium and fluid management are usually more crucial to control fluid overload.

B. Reduce sodium intake to help manage fluid retention. Reducing sodium intake is a priority in heart failure management as it helps prevent fluid retention, which reduces workload on the heart and decreases symptoms of fluid overload.

C. Encourage complete bed rest to reduce cardiac workload. Complete bed rest is not recommended as it can lead to deconditioning and increased risk of blood clots. Activity should be balanced according to the patient’s tolerance.

D. Increase fluid intake to maintain hydration. In heart failure, increasing fluid intake could worsen fluid overload. Fluid restriction may be necessary to prevent excess fluid retention.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hypotension: Patients with SIADH typically have fluid retention, which can lead to hypertension, not hypotension.

B. Dry mucous membranes: In SIADH, fluid retention is common, so mucous membranes are usually moist, not dry.

C. Increased thirst: While thirst can occur in various conditions, it is not a primary symptom of SIADH.

D. Confusion or altered mental status: Confusion or altered mental status may occur in SIADH due to hyponatremia from excessive water retention.

A. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is a reduction of blood flow to the kidneys. B. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells. C. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because inflammatory dells invade the already damaged kidneys. D. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is obstruction leading to the filtration system backing up and eventually shutting the kidneys down.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is a reduction of blood flow to the kidneys. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys, or renal hypoperfusion, decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) because less blood is being filtered through the kidneys. This can occur in conditions such as shock, severe dehydration, or heart failure, but it is not the primary mechanism in acute tubular necrosis (ATN).

B. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells. In ATN, the injury to renal tubular cells impairs their function, leading to reduced reabsorption and filtration ability, which contributes to the decrease in GFR.

C. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because inflammatory cells invade the already damaged kidneys. While inflammation may be present, it is not the primary cause of decreased GFR in acute tubular necrosis; reduced blood flow and tubular cell injury are more direct causes.

D. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is obstruction leading to the filtration system backing up and eventually shutting the kidneys down. Obstruction is not typically a characteristic of acute tubular necrosis; ATN is usually caused by ischemic or toxic injury, not physical obstruction.

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The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. Which of the following treatment goals should the nurse prioritize?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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