A nurse is teaching a patient about the importance of balancing proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the diet.
The nurse identifies that the teaching about carbohydrates is understood when the patient states that carbohydrates are known for providing which of the following?

Energy.

Electrolytes.

Minerals.

Vitamins.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which cells use for fuel to perform various functions, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and maintaining body temperature.

Choice B rationale

Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, are minerals that carry an electrical charge and are crucial for fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. While some foods containing carbohydrates may also contain electrolytes, providing energy is not their primary function. Normal ranges for serum sodium are 135-145 mEq/L, potassium is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L, and chloride is 95-105 mEq/L.

Choice C rationale

Minerals are inorganic substances that the body needs for various functions, including building strong bones, transmitting nerve impulses, and maintaining fluid balance. Examples include calcium, iron, and zinc. While essential, they are not primarily known for providing direct energy. Normal ranges for serum calcium are 8.5-10.5 mg/dL, iron varies by gender (males: 65-175 mcg/dL, females: 50-170 mcg/dL), and zinc is 70-120 mcg/dL.

Choice D rationale

Vitamins are organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts for various metabolic processes. They do not directly provide energy but help the body utilize energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Examples include vitamin C, vitamin D, and B vitamins. Normal ranges vary widely depending on the specific vitamin.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Increased hair growth is typically associated with hormonal imbalances, such as an excess of androgens, or certain medications, not generally with undernutrition. Adequate nutrition is essential for maintaining normal hair growth cycles. Nutritional deficiencies often lead to hair thinning or loss, rather than increased growth.

Choice B rationale

A sore, inflamed buccal cavity, also known as stomatitis or mucositis, can be a direct consequence of inadequate nutrition, particularly deficiencies in B vitamins, iron, and vitamin C. These nutrients are crucial for maintaining the health and integrity of the oral mucous membranes. Inflammation and soreness can make eating painful, further contributing to poor nutrient intake.

Choice C rationale

Adequate nutrient or food intake directly contradicts the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements. This finding would indicate that the patient's nutritional needs are being met, and the diagnosis would be inaccurate. The presence of dysphagia suggests difficulty in achieving adequate intake.

Choice D rationale

A weight within 10% of ideal body weight suggests that the patient's nutritional status is likely adequate, not less than body requirements. While dysphagia can lead to weight loss, a weight within the normal range indicates that the patient has been able to maintain their weight despite potential swallowing difficulties.

A. Breathe in and out normally. B. Take a deep breath and cough. C. Hold her breath. D. Bear down like having a bowel movement.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Breathing in and out normally does not protect the airway during nasogastric tube removal. The risk of aspiration is present as the tube is withdrawn, and normal breathing does not actively close off the trachea.

Choice B rationale

Taking a deep breath and coughing can help to clear the airway after the tube is removed but does not directly aid in preventing aspiration during the removal process itself. Coughing expels material from the lungs and throat.

Choice C rationale

Holding her breath during nasogastric tube removal helps to close the epiglottis, which covers the trachea. This action minimizes the risk of aspiration of any residual secretions or reflux that might occur as the tube is being withdrawn.

Choice D rationale

Bearing down, or performing the Valsalva maneuver, increases intra-abdominal pressure and is typically used to stimulate a bowel movement. It is not relevant to protecting the airway during nasogastric tube removal and could potentially increase the risk of reflux.

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A nurse is teaching a patient about the importance of balancing proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the diet.The nurse identifies that the teaching about carbohydrates is understood when the patient states that carbohydrates are known for providing which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When assessing a 49-year-old woman who has a nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements related to dysphagia, which data would the nurse expect to find?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with a nasogastric tube has an order for the tube to be removed.As the nurse removes the tube, the client should be asked to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Which of the following items on the tray should the nurse remove?

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A nurse is teaching a patient about the importance of balancing proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the diet.
The nurse identifies that the teaching about carbohydrates is understood when the patient states that carbohydrates are known for providing which of the following?