A nurse is teaching nutritional strategies to a client who has a low calcium level and an allergy to milk. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

I Will add broccoli and kale to my diet."

I will stop taking my calcium supplements if they irritate my stomach."

I need to avoid foods with vitamin D because I am allergic to milk.

I will eat more cheese because I can't drink milk.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Broccoli and kale are good sources of calcium, and by adding them to their diet, the client can increase their calcium intake without consuming milk. It is important to note that some calcium supplements may irritate the stomach but stopping them altogether is not advisable without consulting a healthcare provider. Vitamin D is not a milk product, and it is essential for calcium absorption. Avoiding foods with vitamin D can worsen the low calcium levels. Cheese is a milk product and may not be suitable for someone with a milk allergy.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia are the main reasons for initiating cardiac monitoring in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. In diabetic ketoacidosis, insulin deficiency causes the body to break down fat for energy, leading to the production of ketones and resulting in metabolic acidosis. In addition, glucose and potassium are lost in the urine due to osmotic diuresis. Hypokalemia can cause ECG changes and dysrhythmias, which can be life-threatening.

Hypokalemia is a common complication of DKA and can lead to ECG changes such as ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion, and U waves².

Hypovolemic shock related to osmotic diuresis is an important consideration in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis, but it is not the primary reason for initiating cardiac monitoring.

Cardiovascular collapse resulting from the eﬀects of hyperglycemia is not a common complication of diabetic ketoacidosis, and it is not the primary reason for initiating cardiac monitoring.

Fluid overload resulting from aggressive ﬂuid replacement is a potential complication of diabetic ketoacidosis, but it is not the primary reason for initiating cardiac monitoring.

A. The onset of diabetes and the associated cardiovascular risks can be delayed or prevented by weight loss and exercise. B. Although the fasting plasma glucose levels do not currently indicate diabetes, the glycosylated hemoglobin will be elevated. C. The high insulin levels associated with this syndrome damage the lining of blood vessels leading to vascular disease. D. The liver is producing excessive glucose, which will eventually exhaust the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin, and exercise will normalize glucose production.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This statement is correct. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a condition in which the fasting blood glucose level is higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. However, people with IFG are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Weight loss and exercise can help to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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A nurse is teaching nutritional strategies to a client who has a low calcium level and an allergy to milk. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Cardiac monitoring is initiated for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. The nurse determines that this measure is important to identify:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A program of weight loss and exercise is recommended for a patient with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). When teaching the patient about the reason for these lifestyle changes, the nurse will tell the patient that:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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