A nurse manager in a community health clinic is reviewing secondary prevention activities with a group of nurses during orientation. Which of the following activities should the nurse manager include as an example of secondary prevention?

Interventions for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea: Analyzing the Choices

The prompt describes a home health nurse caring for a client experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea resistant to pharmacological interventions. We need to analyze the effectiveness of each offered intervention based on evidence and rationale:

a. Maintain the head of the client's bed in an elevated position after eating.

Rationale:

• Supportive:Some studies suggest elevating the head of the bed by 30-45 degrees might reduce gastroesophageal reflux and nausea after meals.

b. Provide sips of room-temperature ginger ale between meals.

Rationale:

• Supportive:Ginger has demonstrated antiemetic properties in several studies,potentially reducing nausea and vomiting.Room-temperature liquids are generally better tolerated than cold or hot ones for nausea.
• Considerations:The effectiveness of ginger may vary between individuals,and potential interactions with other medications should be checked.

c. Offer 120 mL (4 oz) of cold milk as a meal replacement.

Rationale:

• Unsupportive:Replacing meals with small volumes of milk is inadequate for nutritional needs and can worsen nausea due to an empty stomach.Chemotherapy can already impact appetite and nutrient intake,and offering small,frequent meals is generally recommended.
• Potential harm:Skipping meals can lead to electrolyte imbalances,dehydration,and further weaken the client.

d. Use seasonings to enhance the flavor of foods.

Rationale:

• Mixed evidence:While strong odors or unfamiliar flavors can trigger nausea in some clients,using bland or mild seasonings might not be universally effective.Some studies suggest offering preferred or familiar flavors based on individual preferences could improve appetite and tolerance.
• Individualization:Experimenting with different spices and flavors based on the client's preferences and observing their response is crucial.

e. Assist the client in using guided imagery.

Rationale:

• Supportive:Guided imagery is a relaxation technique that can help manage nausea by distracting the client from the unpleasant sensation and promoting feelings of calmness.Studies have shown its effectiveness in reducing nausea and vomiting in various contexts,including chemotherapy.
• Considerations:Not all clients may be receptive to guided imagery,and its success depends on individual preferences and practice.

In conclusion, the most appropriate interventions for the client include:

• Providing sips of room-temperature ginger ale between meals (choice b).
• Assisting the client in using guided imagery (choice e).

Choices a, c, and d require further evaluation or are not generally recommended based on current evidence.

The correct answer is Choice B because, "Teaching parenting techniques to new parents." This is the correct answer because it is a primary prevention strategy aimed at reducing violence and abuse in the local community.

Choice A is wrong because, "Providing treatment for a young adult who has a substance use disorder," is not the correct answer because it is a tertiary prevention strategy aimed at treating an individual after they have developed a substance use disorder.

Choice C is wrong because, "Conducting counseling for at-risk parents," is not the correct answer because it is a secondary prevention strategy aimed at reducing the risk of violence and abuse in families who are at-risk.

Choice D is wrong because, "Assessing a family for marital discord," is not the correct answer because it is a secondary prevention strategy aimed at identifying and addressing issues within a family, but it is not specifically related to violence and abuse.