A nurse on an oncology unit is caring for a client who is receiving intravenous chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced colon cancer. Which of the following items should be included in the plan of care for this client?

Encourage spicy and highly-seasoned foods to improve intake.

Administer loperamide prophylactically to prevent nausea.

Provide frequent, thorough pain assessments.

Administer the chemotherapy medication through an 18 gauge peripheral line.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   During chemotherapy, many patients experience nausea, vomiting, and changes in taste or appetite. Spicy and highly-seasoned foods can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms and may not be well tolerated. It's generally recommended to encourage bland, easy-to-digest foods to help maintain adequate nutrition and reduce discomfort.
B.   Loperamide is not used to prevent nausea; rather, it is an antidiarrheal medication used to treat diarrhea, which can be a side effect of chemotherapy. Nausea prevention is typically managed with antiemetic medications such as ondansetron, metoclopramide, or others prescribed based on the patient's specific needs and chemotherapy regimen.
C.   Pain management is an essential aspect of caring for oncology patients, including those receiving chemotherapy. Cancer and its treatment can cause pain directly or indirectly (such as from procedures or complications). Regular and thorough pain assessments allow for timely intervention and improvement in the client's comfort and quality of life.
D.   Chemotherapy medications are typically administered through central venous access devices (e.g., central lines, PICC lines) rather than through peripheral veins. This is because chemotherapy drugs can be vesicants (causing tissue damage if they leak out of the vein) or irritants to smaller peripheral veins.
Using a larger gauge peripheral line (e.g., 18 gauge) is not standard practice for administering chemotherapy due to the potential risks and complications associated with peripheral administration.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Cancer cells typically lose their specialized functions and characteristics that normal cells have. This loss of differentiation is known as dedifferentiation, where cancer cells become less specialized and more primitive in nature. This allows them to proliferate rapidly and invade surrounding tissues.
B. Contact inhibition refers to the normal process where cells stop dividing when they come into contact with neighboring cells. In cancer cells, this mechanism is disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Cancer cells continue to divide and grow even when they are in close contact with other cells, which contributes to tumor formation and progression.
C. Cancer cells often acquire mutations that impair their ability to repair DNA damage effectively. This can lead to an accumulation of genetic mutations over time, which is a hallmark of cancer development. While some cancer cells may still have mechanisms to repair DNA damage, they are often less efficient compared to normal cells, leading to genomic instability and further mutation accumulation.
D. Normal cells follow a tightly regulated cell cycle with specific checkpoints that ensure orderly progression through phases such as G1, S, G2, and M phases. In contrast, cancer cells often have dysregulated cell cycle control. They may bypass checkpoints that normally control cell division, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and growth.

Correct Answer is ["1.5"]

Explanation

To administer the correct dose of desipramine, which is 150 mg, when the available tablet strength is 100 mg, the nurse would need to give 1.5 tablets.

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A nurse on an oncology unit is caring for a client who is receiving intravenous chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced colon cancer. Which of the following items should be included in the plan of care for this client?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following describes a characteristic of cancer cells?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["1.5"]

Explanation

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