The classic manifestations associated with Parkinson's disease are tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. The nurse understands that a finding related to postural instability includes which of the following?

Retropulsion

Impaired handwriting

Muscle soreness and pain

Slow movements

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Retropulsion is a classic manifestation of postural instability in Parkinson's disease. It refers to a tendency to lose balance and fall backward, especially when attempting to initiate walking or when challenged with external forces.
B.   Impaired handwriting, also known as micrographia, is associated with bradykinesia (slowness of movement) in Parkinson's disease. It manifests as progressively smaller and more cramped handwriting.

C.   Muscle soreness and pain can occur in Parkinson's disease, but they are not typically directly associated with postural instability. They may occur due to rigidity (muscle stiffness) or abnormal postures maintained over time.
D.   Slow movements, or bradykinesia, are a hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease and are characterized by a gradual reduction in the speed and fluidity of voluntary movements. While related to motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, slow movements are not specific to postural instability.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Atrial flutter typically presents with a regular atrial rate (usually around 250-350 beats per minute) and a characteristic "sawtooth" pattern of flutter waves (F-waves) on the ECG. This condition would not present with irregular ventricular rates and is less likely based on the ECG findings described.

B. Atrial fibrillation is identified by an irregularly irregular rhythm and the absence of P-waves on the ECG, which is replaced by erratic activity.
C. Unstable angina presents with chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscles, usually related to atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion. It does not cause the ECG findings described (absence of P-waves and irregular ventricular rate).
D. PACs are early atrial depolarizations that can cause palpitations but do not typically result in the absence of P-waves or irregular ventricular rates as described in the scenario.

A. Medicare covers people under 65-years who have end-stage renal disease. B. Low-income people who have Medicare can also qualify for Medicaid. C. People who qualify for Medicare will have no out-of-pocket medical expenses. D. Medicare is federally-funded health insurance for people 65-years or older.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Medicare does cover individuals under 65 years old who have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and meet certain criteria.
B. There are programs that allow individuals with both Medicare and low income to qualify for Medicaid, which can help cover additional healthcare costs that Medicare may not fully cover.
C. While Medicare does provide significant coverage for healthcare services, it is not entirely free of out- of-pocket costs. Medicare Part A typically covers hospital stays, skilled nursing facility care, hospice, and some home health care services with no premiums for most people.
D. Medicare is indeed federally-funded health insurance primarily for individuals aged 65 and older. It also covers certain younger individuals with disabilities and those with ESRD.

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The classic manifestations associated with Parkinson's disease are tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. The nurse understands that a finding related to postural instability includes which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client in an urgent care clinic is complaining of heart palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) shows no discernable P-waves, and an irregular ventricular rate. The nurse should understand that this finding represents which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse manager is discussing social services for older adults during a staff meeting in a long- term acute care (LTAC) facility. Which statement about Medicare made by one of the employees requires correction by the nurse manager?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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