A nurse provides preoperative teaching by demonstrating diaphragmatic breathing to a client scheduled for surgery in the morning. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the demonstration?

Inhale slowly and evenly through her nose.

Place her hands on the sides of her rib cage.

Exhale forcefully through the nose.

Hold her breath for at least 10 seconds.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Inhaling slowly and evenly through the nose promotes effective diaphragmatic breathing by allowing full lung expansion.
B. Hands should be placed on the abdomen (not the sides of the rib cage) to help the client feel the diaphragm move.
C. Exhalation should be slow and controlled, usually through pursed lips, not forceful through the nose.
D. Holding breath for 10 seconds is not recommended; normal diaphragmatic breathing involves smooth, continuous breaths.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypertension is not a defining feature of HHS.
B. While glucose levels are elevated in HHS, a level of 400 mg/dL alone is not sufficient to diagnose HHS.
C. A serum osmolarity greater than 320 mOsm/L is characteristic of HHS, reflecting severe dehydration and hyperosmolarity.
D. Ketosis is typically absent or minimal in HHS, distinguishing it from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

A. Institute urine glucose monitoring. B. Administer an oral hypoglycemic. C. Administer supplemental doses of regular insulin according to the sliding scale. D. Decrease the rate of intravenous infusion.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Urine glucose monitoring is less accurate and not the priority in managing elevated blood glucose.
B. Oral hypoglycemics are not effective or recommended for type 1 diabetes because they do not replace insulin.
C. Elevated blood glucose in a client with type 1 diabetes post-surgery is typically managed by administering regular insulin doses as per sliding scale to maintain glycemic control.
D. Decreasing IV fluids is not indicated unless they contain glucose and are contributing to hyperglycemia; this decision depends on the fluid type and physician orders.

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A nurse provides preoperative teaching by demonstrating diaphragmatic breathing to a client scheduled for surgery in the morning. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the demonstration?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their glucose levels are rising. Which of the following would indicate the client is in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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