A nurse s teaching a group of clients about modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select All that Apply).
High cholesterol
Diabetes
Age
Weight
Smoking
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
A) High cholesterol: Elevated cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaques in the arteries, which increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Managing cholesterol through diet, exercise, and medication can reduce cardiovascular risk.
B) Diabetes: Diabetes, especially poorly controlled blood sugar levels, significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. High blood glucose can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to complications such as coronary artery disease and stroke. Effective management of diabetes through lifestyle changes and medication can help mitigate these risks.
C) Age: While age is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it is a non-modifiable factor. As people age, the risk of developing cardiovascular issues naturally increases due to changes in the cardiovascular system. Since age cannot be altered, it is not included in the list of modifiable risk factors.
D) Weight: Excess body weight, particularly obesity, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity contributes to conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, all of which elevate cardiovascular risk. Weight management through diet, exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices is crucial for reducing this risk.
E) Smoking: Smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It damages the blood vessels, increases blood pressure, and reduces oxygen supply to the heart, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular conditions. Quitting smoking is one of the most effective ways to lower cardiovascular risk
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle:
This is the correct answer. The accurate blood flow pattern through the heart starts with deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body via the vena cava into the right atrium. From there, it passes into the right ventricle, which pumps it into the pulmonary artery. The blood then travels to the lungs for oxygenation. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins, enters the left atrium, flows into the left ventricle, and is then pumped out to the body through the aorta. This is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart and lungs.
B) Aorta → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein → lungs → pulmonary artery → left atrium → left ventricle:
This is incorrect. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, not part of the pathway for deoxygenated blood returning to the heart. The flow pattern described here is mixed up, with oxygenated blood returning to the heart via the pulmonary veins, which is correct, but it places the pulmonary vein and pulmonary artery in an incorrect order, as the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, not the other way around.
C) Aorta → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → vena cava:
This is incorrect. The right atrium does not receive blood from the aorta. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, not from the right side of the heart. Additionally, the vena cava is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium, not part of the blood flow from the heart to the lungs.
D) Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein → lungs → pulmonary artery → left atrium → left ventricle:
This is incorrect. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to the heart, not deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. The correct sequence of flow is from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery and then to the lungs, followed by pulmonary veins returning oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Lid lag when moving the eyes from a superior to an inferior position:
This is incorrect. Lid lag refers to a delay in the movement of the eyelid as the eyes move downward. It is considered an abnormal finding and is often associated with conditions like hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease), where the eyelid does not follow the downward gaze appropriately. In the diagnostic positions test, normal eye movement should not include lid lag.
B) Nystagmus when reading the Snellen chart:
This is incorrect. Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes, which can be indicative of a neurological or vestibular issue. It is not a normal finding during the diagnostic positions test. Nystagmus may be seen with certain disorders, such as vestibular dysfunction, neurologic damage, or alcohol intoxication, but it should not occur as a normal response to eye movement during the diagnostic positions test.
C) Parallel movement of both eyes:
This is the correct answer. In a normal result of the diagnostic positions test, both eyes should move in parallel and remain aligned during all directions of gaze. The purpose of this test is to assess for any eye muscle weakness or cranial nerve dysfunction that might cause misalignment, such as strabismus or a disorder affecting the extraocular muscles. If both eyes track smoothly and simultaneously without deviation or lag, this is a normal and expected finding.
D) Convergence of the eyes:
This is incorrect. While convergence (the inward movement of both eyes toward the nose) is a normal response when focusing on a near object, it is not the specific goal of the diagnostic positions test. The diagnostic positions test is primarily concerned with assessing the ability of the eyes to move together in all directions of gaze without misalignment or abnormal movement. While convergence is a sign of normal eye function, it is not the primary focus of this particular test.
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