A nursing student asks the psychiatric nurse preceptor about the function of the DSM-5 in clinical practice. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the DSM-5?

To offer a standardized system for diagnosing mental disorders based on specific criteria

To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacologic therapies in psychiatric care

To provide treatment protocols for specific mental health disorders

To classify mental health disorders based genetic findings

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:

A. The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition) provides a standardized classification system with specific diagnostic criteria used by clinicians to diagnose mental health conditions reliably and consistently.

B. Evaluating pharmacologic therapy effectiveness is not the DSM-5’s purpose; that is part of clinical research and treatment planning, not diagnosis.

C. The DSM-5 does not prescribe treatment protocols—it is strictly a diagnostic manual.

D. While the DSM-5 considers biological and environmental influences, it does not classify disorders based on genetic findings.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Sertraline, a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), is FDA-approved and commonly prescribed for panic disorder as a first-line long-term treatment.

B. Citalopram is also an SSRI, but it is not first-line or FDA-approved specifically for panic disorder.

C. Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, can be used for short-term relief of panic symptoms, but it is not recommended for long-term management due to risk of dependence.

D. Propranolol, a beta-blocker, may help with physical symptoms of anxiety, such as tremors or tachycardia, but it is not a primary treatment for panic disorder.

A. it internalizes societal and parental standards to enforce moral judgments. B. It mediates between the demands of the id and the constraints of reality. C. It represses unconscious conflicts to reduce anxiety and protect the ego. D. It seeks immediate gratification of instinctual desires regardless of consequences.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. The superego represents internalized moral standards and ideals from parents and society. When overly dominant, it can lead to excessive guilt, perfectionism, and harsh self-criticism—exactly as described in the client.

B. This describes the ego, which balances the id, superego, and reality—not the superego itself.

C. Repression is a defense mechanism used by the ego to manage anxiety, not a primary function of the superego.

D. This describes the id, which is driven by the pleasure principle—not the superego.

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A nursing student asks the psychiatric nurse preceptor about the function of the DSM-5 in clinical practice. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the DSM-5?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which medication is commonly prescribed for patients with panic disorder?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client frequently expresses intense feelings of guilt and self-criticism after minor mistakes, striving for perfection and strict adherence to rules. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which function of the superego best explains this behavior?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Dorothea Dix is best known for which of the following significant contributions to psychiatric nursing and mental health care in the 19th century?

A client who recently lost their spouse exhibits signs of withdrawal, expresses feelings of hopelessness, and reports difficulty sleeping and eating. Which stage of grief is the client most likely experiencing, and what is the nurse's most appropriate intervention?

A nurse is discussing Freud's psychoanalytic theory with a patient undergoing psychotherapy. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates based on the reality principle and mediates between instinctual desires and societal rules?

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