A patient calls the office to tell you that his or her urine has changed orange in color. The best response of the nurse is which of the following?
Did you recently drink a lot of cranberry juice?
Did you recently start taking any new medication?
Please make an appointment with the office right away.
Have you noticed any blood on the tissue when you wipe yourself?
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Cranberry juice typically causes pink or reddish urine, not orange. Orange urine is more commonly linked to medications, dehydration, or liver issues. Asking about cranberry juice is less relevant, as it does not directly address the most likely causes of orange discoloration.
Choice B reason: Medications like rifampin, phenazopyridine, or certain vitamins (e.g., B vitamins) can cause orange urine due to their pigments or metabolites excreted renally. Inquiring about new medications is a targeted approach to identify a common, benign cause before escalating to invasive diagnostics.
Choice C reason: Immediately scheduling an appointment assumes a serious condition without exploring benign causes like medications or dehydration. This response may cause unnecessary alarm and overlooks a systematic assessment, which could resolve the issue through history-taking alone.
Choice D reason: Blood in urine (hematuria) typically causes red or brown discoloration, not orange. Asking about blood is less relevant to orange urine and may confuse the patient, as it does not align with the reported symptom’s likely etiology.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: High intake of animal fats or red meat is a recognized risk factor for colorectal cancer. These foods, high in saturated fats, may promote inflammation and alter gut microbiota, increasing carcinogenesis risk in the colon, supported by epidemiological studies linking diet to cancer.
Choice B reason: Rectal bleeding is a warning sign of colorectal cancer. It results from tumor erosion or ulceration in the colon or rectum, causing blood in stool. This symptom prompts diagnostic evaluation, like colonoscopy, to detect malignancy early, improving treatment outcomes.
Choice C reason: Smoking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Tobacco’s carcinogenic compounds, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, damage colonic mucosa, increasing mutation risk. Smoking also promotes inflammation, contributing to tumor development, making it a significant modifiable risk factor in colorectal cancer prevention.
Choice D reason: Diarrhea is not a specific warning sign of colorectal cancer. While it may occur, it’s more commonly associated with infections or irritable bowel syndrome. Cancer typically presents with persistent bleeding, weight loss, or bowel habit changes, making diarrhea less diagnostic and misleading for teaching.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Incontinence is a common UTI symptom but not specific to older adults. It results from bladder irritation or detrusor muscle spasms, affecting all ages. Older adults may have baseline incontinence, making it less diagnostic for UTI compared to acute cognitive changes.
Choice B reason: Low back pain may occur in UTIs, particularly with kidney involvement (pyelonephritis), but it’s not specific to older adults. It reflects inflammation or infection spread, common across age groups, and is less distinctive than cognitive changes in elderly UTI presentations.
Choice C reason: Confusion is a hallmark UTI symptom in older adults due to their increased susceptibility to delirium triggered by infection. The inflammatory response and systemic effects disrupt cerebral function, causing acute cognitive changes, making it a specific and critical finding in this population.
Choice D reason: Urinary retention can occur in UTIs due to bladder inflammation but is not specific to older adults. It’s more common in men with prostate issues or patients with neurogenic bladder, making it less distinctive than confusion for elderly UTI presentations.
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