A patient has been diagnosed with a 4cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following conditions would indicate surgical intervention may be necessary?

Patient is male and is 28 years old

Patient has Marfan's syndrome

Patient has hypertension and is prescribed a beta-adrenergic blocking agent

Patient expresses concern about dying

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   A 4 cm aneurysm in a young patient, especially one as young as 28 years old, would typically be monitored more closely rather than immediately undergoing surgery. Surgical intervention is more commonly considered for larger aneurysms or in cases where there are other risk factors or symptoms present.
B.   Marfan's syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects connective tissue and is associated with a higher risk of developing aortic aneurysms, including abdominal aortic aneurysms. Patients with Marfan's syndrome are at a greater risk of aneurysm growth and rupture due to the weakened connective tissue.
C.   Hypertension is a significant risk factor for the growth and rupture of an AAA. While managing hypertension with beta-blockers is important in controlling the risk, the presence of hypertension alone does not necessarily indicate that surgical intervention is immediately necessary

D.   While patient concerns and anxiety about their condition are valid and important, expressing concern about dying does not directly determine the need for surgical intervention. Surgical decisions are based on objective clinical criteria, such as the size of the aneurysm, growth rate, symptoms, and overall health of the patient.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. An imaging test that uses sound waves to visualize the heart and its structures. It can help to identify abnormalities in the heart muscle, such as thickening, enlargement, or decreased contractility. Echocardiograms are a valuable tool for diagnosing cardiomyopathy and assessing the severity of the condition.
B. Cardiac enzyme studies are used to diagnose myocardial infarction (heart attack). While they can be helpful in evaluating cardiac function, they are not the most specific test for diagnosing cardiomyopathy.
C. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure that is used to diagnose and treat certain heart conditions. While it can provide valuable information about the heart's function, it is not the most appropriate initial test for diagnosing cardiomyopathy.
D. This procedure is used to treat certain types of arrhythmias. It is not a diagnostic test and would not be appropriate for diagnosing cardiomyopathy.

A. hepatomegaly. B. crackles auscultated in the lungs. C. peripheral edema D. distended neck veins.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hepatomegaly, or enlargement of the liver, is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure. When the right side of the heart fails, it can lead to systemic venous congestion, which causes blood to back up in the liver and results in hepatomegaly.
B. Crackles (or rales) heard on lung auscultation are a hallmark of left-sided heart failure. This is due to the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs, which occurs when the left side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood forward.
C. Peripheral edema, or swelling of the extremities, is typically associated with right-sided heart failure rather than left-sided heart failure.
D. Distended neck veins are a sign of right-sided heart failure, not left-sided heart failure. This occurs when there is elevated pressure in the systemic venous system due to the right side of the heart being unable to effectively pump blood into the pulmonary circulation.

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A patient has been diagnosed with a 4cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following conditions would indicate surgical intervention may be necessary?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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