A patient has symptoms of rectal bleeding and vague anal discomfort. Proctoscopy reveals dilated veins in the mucous membrane of anus Which condition is described?
Diverticulitis
Hemorrhoids
Anal fissure
Rectal prolapse
The Correct Answer is B
A. Diverticulitis:
Diverticulitis involves inflamed diverticula in the colon, causing LLQ abdominal pain, not rectal vein issues.
B. Hemorrhoids:
Hemorrhoids are dilated veins in the rectal or anal mucosa, causing rectal bleeding and discomfort.
C. Anal fissure:
An anal fissure is a tear in the anal mucosa, causing sharp pain and sometimes bleeding, but not dilated veins.
D. Rectal prolapse:
Rectal prolapse is protrusion of the rectum through the anus, not just dilated veins.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Diverticulitis:
Diverticulitis affects the large intestine, not causing anal pruritus or bleeding directly.
B. Hemorrhoids:
Postpartum hemorrhoids are common due to pressure during pregnancy and delivery, causing dilated rectal veins, bleeding, itching, and discomfort.
C. Gastroenteritis:
Gastroenteritis causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, but not localized rectal vein problems.
D. Diverticulosis:
Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula in the colon, often asymptomatic unless inflamed (diverticulitis).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The kidney senses decreased perfusion:
This occurs earlier in the RAAS sequence, triggering the release of renin — not the immediate next step after angiotensin I is produced.
B. Renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen:
This precedes the production of angiotensin I, not after.
C. Blood volume is raised and blood pressure is increased:
This is the final result of RAAS activation, not the step immediately following angiotensin I production.
D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme helps to produce angiotensin II in the lungs and to stimulate the adrenal gland to release aldosterone:
After angiotensin I is produced, it travels to the lungs where ACE converts it into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that also triggers aldosterone release.
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