A patient is admitted with esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Which underlying cause of these conditions would the nurse suspect?

Liver cirrhosis

Throat lacerations

Kyphosis

Squamous cell cancer

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
Liver cirrhosis is the most common cause of esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Cirrhosis leads to scarring of the liver, which impedes blood flow through the portal vein, causing increased pressure (portal hypertension) and the development of collateral blood vessels (varices) as the body attempts to bypass the blockage.

Choice B rationale
Throat lacerations are not related to the development of esophageal varices or portal hypertension. They are typically acute injuries and do not cause the chronic changes seen in the vasculature associated with these conditions.

Choice C rationale
Kyphosis, a curvature of the spine, does not cause esophageal varices or portal hypertension. It is a structural skeletal condition and does not affect the vasculature of the esophagus or the portal venous system.

Choice D rationale
While squamous cell cancer can occur in the esophagus, it is not a typical cause of portal hypertension or esophageal varices. These varices are usually a result of increased pressure in the portal vein, not directly from a malignancy.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Immobility is a significant risk factor for DVT as it can lead to stagnation of blood in the veins, increasing the risk of clot formation.

Choice B rationale
High calcium intake is not typically associated with an increased risk of DVT. Instead, factors like immobility, certain medications, and medical conditions are more influential.

Choice C rationale
Oral contraceptive use, especially those containing estrogen, can increase the risk of DVT due to their effect on blood clotting mechanisms.

Choice D rationale
A BMI of 20 is considered within the normal range and is not a risk factor for DVT. Obesity, which is a BMI of 30 or higher, would be a risk factor.

Choice E rationale
Hypertension itself is not a direct risk factor for DVT. However, it can be associated with other health conditions that may increase the risk of thrombosis.

A. Restricting airplane travel B. Driving restrictions C. Time constraints D. Limiting social activities to twice a week E. Restricting foods high in potassium, sodium, and phosphorus F. Restricting fluid intake

Correct Answer is ["C","E","F"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Restricting airplane travel is not typically necessary for patients on hemodialysis unless there are specific medical concerns or complications related to their condition.

Choice B rationale
Driving restrictions are not a standard restriction for patients with end-stage kidney disease unless there are other underlying conditions that impair the ability to drive safely.

Choice C rationale
Time constraints are a significant factor for patients on hemodialysis due to the frequent and lengthy treatment sessions, which can limit their availability for other activities.

Choice D rationale
Limiting social activities to twice a week is not a standard recommendation; social interactions are important for mental health and should be encouraged as much as the patient's health allows.

Choice E rationale
Restricting foods high in potassium, sodium, and phosphorus is crucial for patients with end-stage kidney disease to help manage electrolyte levels and prevent complications.

Choice F rationale

Restricting fluid intake is essential for patients on hemodialysis to prevent fluid overload, which can lead to heart failure and other serious health issues.

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A patient is admitted with esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Which underlying cause of these conditions would the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is giving a presentation about preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following should the nurse include as risk factors for this disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease and will soon begin hemodialysis treatments. Which of the following restrictions should the nurse discuss with the client that may impact their quality of life? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","E","F"]

Explanation

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A patient is admitted with esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Which underlying cause of these conditions would the nurse suspect?

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