A patient tells the nurse that he likes to eat large amounts of garlic to help lower his cholesterol levels naturally. The nurse reviews his medication history and notes which drug has a potential interaction with the garlic?

Warfarin

Acetaminophen

Phenytoin

Digoxin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Garlic can enhance warfarin’s anticoagulant effect by inhibiting platelet aggregation and potentially increasing INR, raising bleeding risk. Its sulfur compounds may also induce hepatic enzymes, affecting warfarin metabolism. Patients on warfarin should avoid high garlic intake to maintain stable anticoagulation and prevent hemorrhage.

Choice B reason: Acetaminophen has no significant interaction with garlic. Acetaminophen is metabolized by the liver, primarily via glucuronidation, and garlic’s effects on platelet function or enzymes do not notably affect its pharmacokinetics or analgesic efficacy, making this an unlikely interaction concern.

Choice C reason: Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant, is metabolized by hepatic CYP450 enzymes, but garlic’s weak enzyme induction does not significantly alter phenytoin levels. Garlic’s primary interaction is with anticoagulants like warfarin, not anticonvulsants, making this drug less relevant for garlic-related concerns.

Choice D reason: Digoxin has no major interaction with garlic. Digoxin’s pharmacokinetics are primarily renal, and garlic’s effects on platelets or minor enzyme induction do not significantly alter digoxin levels or cardiac effects. Warfarin’s bleeding risk is more impacted by garlic’s antiplatelet properties.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is associated with tendonitis and tendon rupture, particularly in older adults. It disrupts collagen synthesis, weakening tendons like the Achilles, especially in patients over 60 or on corticosteroids. Monitoring for tendon pain is critical to prevent debilitating injury during therapy.

Choice B reason: Hypotension and tachycardia are not primary adverse effects of levofloxacin. Fluoroquinolones may cause QT prolongation, but cardiovascular effects are rare. Their main toxicities include tendon damage and CNS effects, making this an incorrect choice for monitoring in this patient.

Choice C reason: Double vision and floaters are not typical levofloxacin side effects. Fluoroquinolones may cause CNS effects like dizziness or confusion, but visual disturbances like these are more associated with drugs like chloroquine. Tendon issues are a more significant concern with levofloxacin.

Choice D reason: Numbness and tingling are not common with levofloxacin. While fluoroquinolones can cause CNS side effects like seizures in rare cases, peripheral neuropathy is less frequent. Tendonitis and rupture are more prominent risks, especially in older patients, making this an incorrect monitoring priority.

A. Hair loss B. Peripheral neuropathy C. Heart failure D. Renal failure

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hair loss is not a common side effect of isoniazid, nor is it prevented by pyridoxine. Isoniazid primarily causes hepatotoxicity or neurotoxicity due to its metabolism and pyridoxine depletion. Hair loss may occur with other drugs, but pyridoxine supplementation is unrelated to this effect.

Choice B reason: Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is given with isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy. Isoniazid depletes pyridoxine by forming inactive complexes, impairing nerve function and causing numbness or tingling. Supplementation restores pyridoxine levels, protecting peripheral nerves while allowing isoniazid to effectively treat tuberculosis by inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis.

Choice C reason: Heart failure is not associated with isoniazid or prevented by pyridoxine. Isoniazid’s primary toxicities are hepatic and neurological. Pyridoxine supports nerve health, not cardiac function, and heart failure is more linked to drugs like anthracyclines, not antitubercular therapy.

Choice D reason: Renal failure is not a common side effect of isoniazid, nor is it prevented by pyridoxine. Isoniazid is metabolized by the liver, and its toxicities include hepatotoxicity and neuropathy. Pyridoxine addresses neurological side effects, not renal function, making this an incorrect choice.

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A patient tells the nurse that he likes to eat large amounts of garlic to help lower his cholesterol levels naturally. The nurse reviews his medication history and notes which drug has a potential interaction with the garlic?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 79-year-old patient is receiving levofloxacin as treatment for a complicated infection. The nurse will monitor for which adverse effect that is associated with this drug?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient who has been taking isoniazid has a new prescription for pyridoxine. She is wondering why she needs this medication. The nurse explains that pyridoxine is often given concurrently with isoniazid to prevent which condition?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is reviewing chloroquine with a patient and instructs the patient to watch for and report which potential adverse reactions?

When reviewing the allergy history of a patient, the nurse notes that the patient is allergic to penicillin. Based on this finding, the nurse would question an order for which class of antibiotics?

The nurse is preparing to use an antiseptic. Which statement is correct regarding how antiseptics differ from disinfectants?

Which of the following is a first-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis?

After receiving a nebulizer treatment with albuterol, the patient states she is feeling slightly jittery and wonders if she is having a bad reaction. What is the nurse’s best response?

A patient with coronary artery disease asks the nurse about the "good cholesterol" laboratory values. The nurse knows that "good cholesterol" refers to which lipids?

A patient is concerned about the body changes that have resulted from long-term prednisone therapy for the treatment of asthma. Which expected effect of this drug therapy would cause a change in the patient’s appearance?

A patient is being discharged on anticoagulant therapy. The nurse will include in the patient-education conversation that it is important to avoid herbal products that contain which substance?