A patient with coronary artery disease asks the nurse about the "good cholesterol" laboratory values. The nurse knows that "good cholesterol" refers to which lipids?

Choice A reason: Anxiety and palpitations are not common with inhaled corticosteroids, which have minimal systemic absorption. These effects are more associated with beta-2 agonists like albuterol, which stimulate sympathetic receptors. Inhaled corticosteroids primarily cause local effects like oral thrush, not systemic effects like anxiety or palpitations.

Choice B reason: Fatigue and depression are not typical side effects of inhaled corticosteroids. Systemic corticosteroids, like prednisone, may affect mood or energy due to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression, but inhaled forms like fluticasone have low systemic bioavailability, making these effects unlikely compared to local adverse effects.

Choice C reason: Headache and rapid heart rate are not primary side effects of inhaled corticosteroids. Rapid heart rate may occur with beta-agonists due to beta-1 receptor stimulation, and headaches are nonspecific. Inhaled corticosteroids are more likely to cause local effects like oral candidiasis than systemic neurological or cardiovascular issues.

Choice D reason: Oral candidiasis and dry mouth are common adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids. Residual drug in the oral cavity promotes Candida albicans growth, causing thrush, while anticholinergic-like effects may reduce saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Rinsing the mouth post-use mitigates these localized effects, ensuring safe therapy.

Choice A reason: Headache and nervousness are not significant adverse effects of antitubercular drugs like isoniazid or rifampin. These symptoms are nonspecific and less concerning than neurotoxicity. Antitubercular drugs primarily affect the liver, nerves, or blood, making neurological symptoms like numbness more critical to report.

Choice B reason: Numbness and tingling of extremities indicate peripheral neuropathy, a serious adverse effect of isoniazid, which depletes pyridoxine (vitamin B6), impairing nerve function. This requires immediate reporting to adjust therapy or add pyridoxine supplementation, preventing irreversible nerve damage while continuing effective tuberculosis treatment.

Choice C reason: Reddish-orange urine and stool are expected effects of rifampin, which is metabolized to a red-orange compound excreted in bodily fluids. This is harmless and does not require reporting unless accompanied by other symptoms like jaundice, which could indicate hepatotoxicity, a more serious concern.

Choice D reason: Gastrointestinal upset is common with antitubercular drugs like rifampin or pyrazinamide but is not typically severe enough to warrant immediate reporting unless persistent or accompanied by signs of hepatotoxicity. Numbness is a more concerning neurological effect, requiring prompt prescriber notification to prevent complications.