A patient with musculoskeletal trauma asks the nurse about the difference between a strain and a sprain. Which of the following is a correct statement?

Strains are associated with fractured bone that are tearing blood vessels

"A strain should be treated with heat In the first 24 hours then ice after

A sprain involves stretching or searing or tearing of ligaments at a joint

A sprain involves tearing of a muscle body or tendon

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Strains are associated with fractured bone that are tearing blood vessels:
Strains refer to injuries of muscles or tendons due to overuse, overstretching, or tearing. A strain does not typically involve fractured bones or tearing blood vessels. Sprains, on the other hand, involve ligaments, not muscles or tendons, and may or may not involve fractures or tearing of blood vessels.

B) "A strain should be treated with heat in the first 24 hours then ice after:
. The general recommendation for the initial treatment of a strain (and sprain) is rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E.) within the first 24-48 hours. Ice should be applied during this period to reduce swelling and inflammation, not heat. Heat may be used after the first 48 hours to promote healing and reduce muscle stiffness, but it should not be used during the acute phase of the injury.

C) A sprain involves stretching or tearing or tearing of ligaments at a joint:
This is the correct statement. A sprain is an injury to a ligament, which is the tissue connecting bones to other bones. It is typically caused by stretching, overextension, or tearing of the ligament, often resulting from a sudden or awkward movement at a joint. Sprains commonly occur at areas such as the ankle, knee, and wrist.

D) A sprain involves tearing of a muscle body or tendon:
. A sprain involves damage to a ligament, not a muscle or tendon. Damage to muscles or tendons is classified as a strain, not a sprain. Strains refer to overuse or tearing of muscle fibers or tendons, not ligaments.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Obtaining a primary and secondary tubing set:
The primary tubing is used for the intravenous access, and the secondary tubing is attached for administering the blood product. This ensures that the blood transfusion will be delivered effectively, and it is a standard practice to use proper IV tubing for blood products to avoid contamination or complications.

B) Ensuring another licensed personnel is available:
. While it is required that two licensed healthcare professionals verify the blood product before starting the transfusion, this action itself is not contraindicated, it is required. Both individuals should independently check the patient's identification, blood type, and the matching of the blood product before administration. Therefore, the answer to the question should not be about ensuring availability of licensed personnel as this is actually a required safety measure, not contraindicated. The actual contraindications involve actions like using inappropriate fluids for transfusion or mismatching blood.

C) Obtaining 0.9% normal saline solution:
This is appropriate and necessary when preparing for a blood transfusion. Normal saline (0.9%) is the only compatible solution that should be used to flush the IV line before and after the transfusion or to prime the blood tubing. Other solutions, such as lactated Ringer's, can cause clotting when mixed with blood, making saline the only appropriate choice.

D) Checking ABO and Rh status of the donor and recipient:
This is essential and mandatory before administering a blood transfusion. It is critical to ensure that the ABO blood group and Rh factor of the donor and recipient are compatible to prevent hemolytic reactions. This compatibility check must be done every time before administering a transfusion, and it is an integral part of ensuring patient safety.

A. Aim to keep your HDL cholesterol as low as possible B. Controlling your diabetes is an important factor C. Exercising and achieving your goal weight are recommended D. Increase saturated fat intake and limit unsaturated fats E. It is important to keep your blood pressure within normal limits

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A) Aim to keep your HDL cholesterol as low as possible:
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream, thereby reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The goal should be to raise HDL cholesterol levels, not lower them. Higher levels of HDL are associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

B) Controlling your diabetes is an important factor:
Diabetes is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Uncontrolled blood sugar levels can lead to damage of the blood vessels, increase the risk of atherosclerosis, and raise the likelihood of heart disease. Proper management of diabetes through diet, medication, and lifestyle changes is essential to reduce the risk of CAD.

C) Exercising and achieving your goal weight are recommended:
Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight are crucial for reducing the risk of coronary artery disease. Exercise helps improve cardiovascular health, lowers blood pressure, increases HDL cholesterol, and helps control body weight and blood sugar. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight reduces the strain on the heart and lowers the risk of developing CAD.

D) Increase saturated fat intake and limit unsaturated fats:
Saturated fats can raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, which contributes to plaque buildup in the arteries and increases the risk of heart disease. Unsaturated fats, found in foods like olive oil, avocados, and fatty fish, are healthier and can help reduce cholesterol levels and improve heart health. The goal should be to limit saturated fats and increase the intake of unsaturated fats.

E) It is important to keep your blood pressure within normal limits:
High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. It can lead to the hardening and narrowing of the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular events. Keeping blood pressure within normal limits through lifestyle changes, such as reducing salt intake, managing stress, exercising, and taking medications if needed, is essential for heart health.

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A patient with musculoskeletal trauma asks the nurse about the difference between a strain and a sprain. Which of the following is a correct statement?

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