A nurse is preparing to give routine medications to a client with a history of hypertension. The nurse recognizes the need to assess the clients blood pressure before and after administering which of the following medications?

Simvastatin

Metoprolol

Acetylsalicylic. Acid (Aspirin)

Metformin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Simvastatin: Simvastatin is a medication used to lower cholesterol levels and does not typically require monitoring of blood pressure before or after administration. While statins may have some indirect cardiovascular benefits, blood pressure is not directly affected by this medication, so it is not necessary to assess blood pressure before or after administering simvastatin.

B) Metoprolol: This is the correct answer. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker commonly used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. It works by reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, it is important to assess the client's blood pressure both before and after administering metoprolol to ensure the medication is having the desired effect and to detect any adverse changes, such as hypotension or bradycardia.

C) Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin): Aspirin is primarily used for its antiplatelet effect, such as for preventing heart attacks or strokes, and it does not have a significant direct impact on blood pressure. While aspirin can have side effects, such as gastrointestinal irritation or bleeding, blood pressure monitoring is generally not necessary before or after administering aspirin.

D) Metformin: Metformin is used to manage type 2 diabetes by helping control blood glucose levels. It does not directly affect blood pressure, so routine blood pressure assessment is not required before or after giving metformin. However, monitoring for side effects like gastrointestinal distress or lactic acidosis is important, but blood pressure is not a priority for this medication.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Diarrhoea, possibly containing blood: Diarrhea, often accompanied by blood, is a hallmark symptom of ulcerative colitis. The inflammation typically starts in the rectum and extends proximally, causing frequent, bloody diarrhea. This symptom is a defining characteristic of the condition and is indicative of active disease.

B) Increased risk for colorectal cancer: Ulcerative colitis, especially when it is chronic or poorly controlled, significantly increases the risk for colorectal cancer. This is due to long-term inflammation that can cause cellular changes in the colon over time. Regular screenings are recommended for individuals with a history of ulcerative colitis.

C) Skip lesions and cobblestone appearance: This is the exception. Skip lesions and a cobblestone appearance are characteristic of Crohn's disease, not ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and often exhibits areas of healthy tissue interspersed with areas of inflammation, known as skip lesions. Ulcerative colitis, in contrast, involves continuous inflammation that typically starts in the rectum and progresses proximally without the skip pattern.

D) Risk for bowel perforation and toxic megacolon: Both bowel perforation and toxic megacolon are complications associated with ulcerative colitis, particularly during severe flare-ups. Toxic megacolon is a life-threatening condition where the colon becomes massively dilated and can rupture, leading to peritonitis. This is a known risk with severe or poorly managed ulcerative colitis.

A. Rapid loss of consciousness B. Excessive urination C. Lack of appetite D. Excessive thirst E. Slow shallow respirations.

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

A. Rapid loss of consciousness:
Rapid loss of consciousness is not typically a sign of hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes. While hyperglycemia can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) if it is severe and prolonged, which can cause confusion or stupor, rapid loss of consciousness is more often associated with severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), not hyperglycemia. Therefore, this is not a typical symptom of hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes.

B. Excessive urination:
This is a correct sign of hyperglycemia. When blood sugar levels rise, the kidneys try to filter out the excess glucose, which leads to increased urination (polyuria). The kidneys cannot reabsorb all the glucose, and the excess glucose in the urine draws water with it, leading to more frequent urination.

C. Lack of appetite:
A lack of appetite is not typically associated with hyperglycemia. In fact, people with hyperglycemia or high blood sugar are often more likely to experience increased hunger (polyphagia) due to insulin resistance or the body’s inability to utilize glucose properly. A lack of appetite is more common in hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or in conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), where nausea and vomiting are also common. Therefore, this is not a sign of hyperglycemia.

D. Excessive thirst:
This is a correct sign of hyperglycemia. High blood sugar leads to excessive urination, which in turn causes dehydration. As a result, individuals with hyperglycemia may experience polydipsia (excessive thirst) as the body tries to compensate for the fluid loss.

E. Slow shallow respirations:
Slow, shallow respirations are typically a sign of respiratory depression and are more likely to be associated with hypoventilation or complications like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), rather than hyperglycemia alone. In DKA, a common complication of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, respirations may become deep and rapid (Kussmaul respirations) in an attempt to blow off excess CO2 and correct the acidosis. Therefore, slow, shallow respirations are not a typical sign of hyperglycemia.

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A nurse is preparing to give routine medications to a client with a history of hypertension. The nurse recognizes the need to assess the clients blood pressure before and after administering which of the following medications?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse knows that all of the following are features of ulcerative colitis except?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse recognizes which of the following as signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia type I diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply,

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

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