A patient with type 1 diabetes has influenza. The nurse should instruct the patient to:
Increase the frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose levels
Discontinue the dose of insulin if unable to eat
Reduce food intake to diminish nausea
Take half of the normal dose of insulin
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Influenza increases metabolic stress, elevating blood glucose in type 1 diabetes due to stress hormones like cortisol and catecholamines, which promote gluconeogenesis. Frequent glucose monitoring ensures timely insulin adjustments, preventing hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis, critical for managing acute illness in insulin-dependent patients.
Choice B reason: Discontinuing insulin in type 1 diabetes, even during reduced food intake, is dangerous. Insulin is essential to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis, as the body continues gluconeogenesis and fat metabolism without it, leading to severe acidosis and metabolic collapse, making this instruction incorrect.
Choice C reason: Reducing food intake to diminish nausea may worsen glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Illness increases glucose levels, requiring consistent carbohydrate intake to prevent hypoglycemia or ketosis. This approach ignores the need for balanced nutrition and insulin adjustments during illness, making it inappropriate.
Choice D reason: Taking half the insulin dose is unsafe, as illness often increases insulin requirements due to stress-induced hyperglycemia. Arbitrary dose reduction risks diabetic ketoacidosis, as insufficient insulin fails to counter gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis, making this instruction dangerous for type 1 diabetes management during influenza.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Baked fish is a low-fat dietary choice, as baking avoids added oils, and fish like salmon or cod are naturally low in saturated fats. This aligns with a low-fat diet, reducing cholesterol and aiding conditions like pancreatitis or cholecystitis, indicating correct patient understanding.
Choice B reason: Broiled chicken is prepared without added fats, making it suitable for a low-fat diet. Broiling uses heat to cook, minimizing fat content, which supports dietary goals for managing conditions like gallbladder disease or cardiovascular health, reflecting accurate patient knowledge.
Choice C reason: Roasted turkey, when prepared without added fats, is a lean protein suitable for a low-fat diet. It provides essential nutrients without high saturated fat content, aligning with recommendations for conditions requiring fat restriction, indicating the patient understands the dietary principles.
Choice D reason: Hamburgers and fries are high in saturated fats and trans fats, unsuitable for a low-fat diet. These foods can exacerbate conditions like cholecystitis or pancreatitis by stimulating excessive bile or pancreatic enzyme release, indicating a need for further education on dietary restrictions.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Increased thirst (polydipsia) is a symptom of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia, in type 1 diabetes. It results from osmotic diuresis due to elevated glucose, not low glucose levels, making it irrelevant for immediate intervention in a hypoglycemic crisis requiring rapid glucose administration.
Choice B reason: Tremors and sweating are classic signs of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes, caused by sympathetic nervous system activation and catecholamine release in response to low blood glucose. These indicate an urgent need for glucose to prevent seizures or unconsciousness, making this the priority symptom.
Choice C reason: Increased appetite (polyphagia) is associated with hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia, as cells are starved of glucose due to insulin deficiency. It does not require immediate intervention in a hypoglycemic context, as it reflects a different metabolic state, making this symptom less urgent.
Choice D reason: Frequent urination (polyuria) is a hyperglycemia symptom, driven by osmotic diuresis from high glucose levels, not hypoglycemia. It does not indicate an acute crisis requiring immediate action, unlike tremors and sweating, which signal a potentially life-threatening low glucose state.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.