A preceptor discussing stroke with a new nurse on the unit would tell the new nurse that which cardiac dysrhythmia is associated with cardiogenic embolic strokes?

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Aspiration precautions are important in head injury to prevent pneumonia, particularly if consciousness is impaired, but they are not specific seizure prophylactic measures. Seizures require anticonvulsants to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability, making aspiration precautions a secondary concern unrelated to seizure prevention.

Choice B reason: Anticonvulsant medications, initiated early (e.g., day two), are standard for seizure prophylaxis in head injury. Trauma can cause cortical irritation, increasing seizure risk. Drugs like levetiracetam stabilize neuronal activity, preventing seizures, which could worsen brain injury or ICP, making this the primary measure.

Choice C reason: Intubation and ventilator support are used for severe head injuries with compromised airway or breathing but are not seizure prophylaxis. Seizures are managed with anticonvulsants, as mechanical ventilation does not address neuronal excitability, making this inappropriate for seizure prevention.

Choice D reason: Antiemetic medications manage nausea but are not seizure prophylactic measures. While vomiting may occur post-head injury, it does not prevent seizures, which result from cortical irritability. Anticonvulsants directly target seizure risk, making antiemetics irrelevant to this specific intervention goal.

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Dilute urine is not expected in SIADH, as excessive ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys’ collecting ducts, leading to concentrated urine with high osmolality. Dilute urine is characteristic of diabetes insipidus, where ADH deficiency causes excessive water loss, producing large volumes of dilute urine.

Choice B reason: Hypernatremia is not a manifestation of SIADH. Excessive ADH causes water retention, diluting serum sodium and leading to hyponatremia. Hypernatremia occurs in conditions like diabetes insipidus, where water loss concentrates sodium, opposite to the fluid overload seen in SIADH.

Choice C reason: Increased serum osmolality is not typical in SIADH. Water retention due to excessive ADH dilutes serum sodium and osmol Jon the same paragraph, and the correct answer with detailed scientific rationales for each choice. The text will be in regular font, with no bold, and each question will be clearly numbered with two lines skipped after the number and one line after the question. I will avoid in-text citations and ensure scientific explanations are detailed and at least 58 words long.

Choice D reason: Concentrated urine is a hallmark of SIADH due to excessive ADH, which promotes water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts, reducing urine volume and increasing its osmolality. This contrasts with diabetes insipidus, where dilute urine is produced, making concentrated urine a key diagnostic feature of SIADH.