A public health nurse is providing an educational program at a health fair focusing on strategies to prevent cancer.
What type of health promotion activity will the nurse describe as an example of secondary prevention?

Schedule colonoscopy screening beginning at age 45.

Monitor for signs of secondary malignancies.

Reduce consumption of processed meat and alcohol.

Avoid ultraviolet radiation with the use of sunscreen and sun protective clothing.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Scheduling colonoscopy screening beginning at age 45 is an example of secondary prevention, which focuses on early detection of diseases in asymptomatic individuals. By identifying precancerous polyps or early-stage colorectal cancer, healthcare providers can intervene earlier, improving outcomes and reducing mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer.

Choice B rationale

Monitoring for signs of secondary malignancies is a part of tertiary prevention, which aims to manage and prevent complications in patients who already have a disease. It does not fit the criteria for secondary prevention, which focuses on early detection before symptoms appear.

Choice C rationale

Reducing consumption of processed meat and alcohol is a primary prevention strategy, aiming to lower the risk of developing cancer in the first place. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of disease through lifestyle and environmental changes, rather than early detection and intervention.

Choice D rationale

Avoiding ultraviolet radiation with the use of sunscreen and sun-protective clothing is also a primary prevention strategy. It aims to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to harmful UV rays, thereby lowering the risk of developing cancer from sun damage. .

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Administering filgrastim (G-CSF) as ordered is crucial for patients with a low ANC. Filgrastim stimulates the production of neutrophils in the bone marrow, helping to reduce the risk of infections. For a patient with an ANC of 500/mm³, which indicates severe neutropenia, this intervention can significantly enhance the immune response and decrease susceptibility to infections.

Choice B rationale

Keeping the patient's central line insertion site clean and open to air is incorrect and could increase the risk of infection. Central line sites must be covered with a sterile dressing to prevent bacterial contamination and infection. Open exposure to air can introduce pathogens, especially in a patient with neutropenia.

Choice C rationale

Educating the patient and family about food safety and hygiene is essential for preventing infections in patients with neutropenia. Proper food handling and hygiene practices reduce the risk of bacterial and other infections. This education can help patients and their families implement measures to protect the patient from potential sources of infection.

Choice D rationale

Providing a high-protein, high-calorie diet is appropriate for supporting the patient's overall health and recovery. High-protein and high-calorie foods support the body's immune function, repair tissues, and maintain energy levels. Proper nutrition is vital for patients with leukemia to help them cope with the demands of their illness and treatment.

A. "You will monitor me for flu-like symptoms during my immunotherapy infusions.” B. "I do not have to worry about losing my hair after this treatment.” C. "Immunotherapy uses my own immune system to help fight the cancer.” D. "This therapy will prevent me from getting hospital-acquired infections.”

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is Choice D.

Choice A rationale

Monitoring for flu-like symptoms during immunotherapy infusions is crucial because these medications can cause cytokine release syndrome. Symptoms like fever, chills, fatigue, and muscle aches are common side effects of immunotherapy and require close monitoring to manage and mitigate adverse reactions.

Choice B rationale

Immunotherapy generally does not cause hair loss, unlike traditional chemotherapy. Hair loss occurs because chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicle cells. Immunotherapy works by enhancing the body's immune response to cancer cells without targeting hair follicles.

Choice C rationale

Immunotherapy leverages the patient's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. It enhances the body's natural defenses by boosting immune system activity or by counteracting signals produced by cancer cells that suppress immune responses.

Choice D rationale

Immunotherapy does not prevent hospital-acquired infections. While it strengthens the immune system against cancer, it does not provide general protection against pathogens causing nosocomial infections. Patients undergoing immunotherapy should still follow standard precautions to avoid infections.

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A public health nurse is providing an educational program at a health fair focusing on strategies to prevent cancer.What type of health promotion activity will the nurse describe as an example of secondary prevention?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient with leukemia who has an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 500/mm³. What interventions will the nurse include in the plan of care for this patient related to this finding? Select All That Apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with recurrent prostate cancer who is scheduled to begin treatment with immunotherapy medication.During patient teaching, which statement by the patient will indicate a need for further teaching by the nurse?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A public health nurse is providing an educational program at a health fair focusing on strategies to prevent cancer.
What type of health promotion activity will the nurse describe as an example of secondary prevention?