A school nurse is providing dietary teaching to a group of adolescent students. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
"Limit the number of fast-food meals to five each week."
"You should drink a glass of milk with breakfast."
"Most of your dietary intake should come from protein."
"Your total intake for the day should not exceed 1,000 calories."
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: "Limit the number of fast-food meals to five each week." is not a good information to include, as it implies that fast-food meals are acceptable as long as they are not too frequent. The nurse should discourage the students from consuming fast-food meals, as they are high in fat, salt, sugar, and calories, and low in nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants. The nurse should advise the students to choose healthier options, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.
Choice B reason: "You should drink a glass of milk with breakfast." is a good information to include, as it promotes the intake of calcium, which is essential for bone health and growth. Adolescents need about 1,300 mg of calcium per day, which can be obtained from milk and other dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt. The nurse should encourage the students to drink milk with breakfast, as it can also provide protein, vitamin D, and other nutrients.
Choice C reason: "Most of your dietary intake should come from protein." is not a good information to include, as it suggests that protein is more important than other macronutrients, such as carbohydrates and fats. The nurse should explain to the students that protein is necessary for tissue repair, muscle development, and immune function, but it should not exceed 10 to 30 percent of the total caloric intake. The nurse should recommend the students to consume a balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, fats, and protein, as well as vitamins, minerals, and water.
Choice D reason: "Your total intake for the day should not exceed 1,000 calories." is not a good information to include, as it indicates that calorie restriction is the key to a healthy diet. The nurse should inform the students that calorie needs vary depending on age, gender, activity level, and growth rate, and that 1,000 calories is too low for most adolescents. The nurse should advise the students to eat enough calories to meet their energy and nutritional needs, and to avoid skipping meals or starving themselves.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Administering antiemetics following the meal is not an appropriate action for a client who is at risk for malnutrition. Antiemetics are medications that prevent or treat nausea and vomiting, which can interfere with oral intake and hydration. However, antiemetics should be given before the meal, not after, to reduce the likelihood of postprandial nausea and vomiting. ¹²
Choice B reason: Providing mouth care before feeding is an appropriate action for a client who is at risk for malnutrition. Mouth care can improve the client's appetite, taste, and comfort, as well as prevent oral infections and dental problems that can affect food intake. ³⁴
Choice C reason: Assessing for pain prior to mealtime is an appropriate action for a client who is at risk for malnutrition. Pain can reduce the client's appetite, mood, and ability to eat comfortably. The nurse should assess the client's pain level and provide adequate pain relief before offering food. ⁵⁶
Choice D reason: Removing the bedpan from the client's sight is an appropriate action for a client who is at risk for malnutrition. The presence of a bedpan or other unpleasant stimuli can cause the client to lose appetite, feel nauseated, or associate food with negative emotions. The nurse should create a pleasant and comfortable environment for the client to eat. ⁷⁸
Choice E reason: Discouraging snacks between meals is not an appropriate action for a client who is at risk for malnutrition. Snacks can provide additional calories, protein, and micronutrients that the client may not get from regular meals. Snacks can also help prevent hunger, fatigue, and hypoglycemia between meals. The nurse should encourage the client to have healthy snacks that are high in energy and nutrient density.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Positioning the newborn at a 20-degree angle after feeding can help prevent the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. This position allows gravity to keep the food in the stomach and reduces the pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter. The nurse should instruct the parent to keep the newborn in this position for at least 30 minutes after each feeding.
Choice B reason: Diluting formula with 1 tablespoon of water is not recommended, as it can cause water intoxication, electrolyte imbalance, and malnutrition in the newborn. Water intoxication can lead to seizures, coma, and death. The nurse should advise the parent to follow the manufacturer's instructions for preparing the formula and not to add extra water.
Choice C reason: Placing the newborn in a side-lying position if vomiting is not a safe practice, as it can increase the risk of aspiration and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Aspiration is when food or liquid enters the lungs and causes pneumonia or respiratory distress. SIDS is when a healthy baby dies suddenly and unexpectedly during sleep. The nurse should instruct the parent to place the newborn on the back for sleeping and to avoid soft bedding, pillows, and stuffed animals.
Choice D reason: Providing a small feeding just before bedtime is not a good idea, as it can worsen the gastroesophageal reflux and disrupt the newborn's sleep. The nurse should suggest the parent to feed the newborn smaller and more frequent meals throughout the day and to avoid feeding the newborn within 2 to 3 hours of bedtime.
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