A school nurse is providing dietary teaching to a group of adolescent students. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Choice A reason: Decreased fat intake is not a barrier to wound healing, as long as the client meets the recommended daily intake of essential fatty acids. Fat is important for cell membrane integrity, inflammation, and immune function. However, excessive fat intake can increase the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which can impair wound healing.

Choice B reason: Decreased vitamin C intake is a barrier to wound healing, as vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, wound repair, and antioxidant activity. Vitamin C deficiency can lead to impaired wound healing, increased susceptibility to infection, and scurvy. The nurse should encourage the client to consume foods rich in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, berries, peppers, broccoli, and tomatoes.

Choice C reason: Increased protein intake is not a barrier to wound healing, but rather a facilitator of wound healing, as protein is necessary for tissue growth, repair, and maintenance. Protein deficiency can result in delayed wound healing, increased risk of infection, and loss of lean body mass. The nurse should advise the client to consume adequate amounts of high-quality protein, such as eggs, milk, cheese, meat, fish, poultry, soy, and nuts.

Choice D reason: Increased caloric intake is not a barrier to wound healing, but rather a facilitator of wound healing, as calories provide energy for wound healing processes. Caloric deficiency can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, and impaired wound healing. The nurse should ensure that the client meets their caloric needs based on their age, weight, activity level, and wound severity.

Choice A reason: "Limit the number of fast-food meals to five each week." is not a good information to include, as it implies that fast-food meals are acceptable as long as they are not too frequent. The nurse should discourage the students from consuming fast-food meals, as they are high in fat, salt, sugar, and calories, and low in nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants. The nurse should advise the students to choose healthier options, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.

Choice B reason: "You should drink a glass of milk with breakfast." is a good information to include, as it promotes the intake of calcium, which is essential for bone health and growth. Adolescents need about 1,300 mg of calcium per day, which can be obtained from milk and other dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt. The nurse should encourage the students to drink milk with breakfast, as it can also provide protein, vitamin D, and other nutrients.

Choice C reason: "Most of your dietary intake should come from protein." is not a good information to include, as it suggests that protein is more important than other macronutrients, such as carbohydrates and fats. The nurse should explain to the students that protein is necessary for tissue repair, muscle development, and immune function, but it should not exceed 10 to 30 percent of the total caloric intake. The nurse should recommend the students to consume a balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, fats, and protein, as well as vitamins, minerals, and water.

Choice D reason: "Your total intake for the day should not exceed 1,000 calories." is not a good information to include, as it indicates that calorie restriction is the key to a healthy diet. The nurse should inform the students that calorie needs vary depending on age, gender, activity level, and growth rate, and that 1,000 calories is too low for most adolescents. The nurse should advise the students to eat enough calories to meet their energy and nutritional needs, and to avoid skipping meals or starving themselves.