A woman who is 8 months pregnant comments that she has noticed a change in posture and is having lower back pain.
The nurse tells her that during pregnancy women have a posture shift to compensate for the enlarging fetus. This shift in posture is known as:
Ankylosis.
Scoliosis.
Kyphosis.
Lordosis.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Ankylosis refers to the stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones. This condition is typically caused by chronic inflammation or injury, leading to bone remodeling and eventual bridging of the joint space. It is a pathological process that restricts movement and is not a normal physiological adaptation during pregnancy.
Choice B rationale
Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae. It can be congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic. This spinal deformity deviates from the normal sagittal plane alignment and is not a typical physiological compensatory mechanism for the gravid uterus.
Choice C rationale
Kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine, resulting in a hunched back appearance. While some degree of thoracic kyphosis is normal, an exaggerated curve can be pathological. It does not represent the compensatory postural change seen in pregnant women, which primarily involves the lumbar region.
Choice D rationale
Lordosis is an increased inward curvature of the lumbar spine. During pregnancy, as the uterus enlarges anteriorly, the woman's center of gravity shifts forward. To maintain balance and prevent falling, the abdominal muscles stretch and the lumbar spine accentuates its inward curve, which is known as lordosis, a physiological adaptation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Dullness upon percussion indicates increased tissue density, such as in consolidation (e.g., pneumonia), pleural effusion, or a tumor. This occurs because the sound waves are attenuated and dampened by the solid or fluid-filled structures, resulting in a short, high-pitched, thudding sound.
Choice B rationale
Tympany is a drum-like, high-pitched, loud sound typically heard over air-filled organs like the stomach or intestines. When percussing the lungs, tympany suggests a large pneumothorax or a distended abdomen impinging on the thoracic cavity, indicating abnormal air accumulation.
Choice C rationale
Resonance is the expected percussive sound over healthy, air-filled lung tissue. It is a low-pitched, clear, hollow sound produced by the vibration of air within the alveoli and bronchi. This sound indicates normal lung aeration and the absence of significant pathology.
Choice D rationale
Hyperresonance is a louder, lower-pitched sound than normal resonance and suggests an increased amount of air in the lung or pleural cavity, such as in emphysema or pneumothorax. This hyperinflation causes greater vibration and a more boomy quality to the sound.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A 15-degree angle is typically used for intradermal injections, where the medication is deposited just beneath the epidermis to form a bleb, not for subcutaneous injections which target the adipose tissue layer. Taut skin is also incorrect for subcutaneous.
Choice B rationale
For an average-sized client receiving a subcutaneous injection, a 45-degree angle facilitates optimal medication deposition into the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer. Pinching the skin helps to elevate the subcutaneous tissue away from underlying muscle, reducing the risk of intramuscular injection.
Choice C rationale
A 90-degree angle is typically used for intramuscular injections in most adults, aiming to deposit medication deep into muscle tissue. Stretching the skin is generally more appropriate for intramuscular injections rather than subcutaneous.
Choice D rationale
Z-tracking is a technique primarily used for intramuscular injections of irritating medications to prevent leakage back into subcutaneous tissue. It is not a standard technique for subcutaneous injections, which use a different angle and skin manipulation.
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