An 8-year-old patient presents to his clinic, complaining of dizziness, headaches, and epistaxis. The nurse took the patient's vital signs and noticed that he had high blood pressure in his arms and bounding upper extremity pulses; however, when she proceeded to check his lower extremity pulses, they were weak, and his legs were pale and cool to touch. What does this patient present signs of?

Tetralogy of Fallot

Coarctation of the Aorta

Pulmonic Stenosis

Tricuspid Atresia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta, the major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, is narrowed. As a result, blood pressure tends to be higher in the arms and upper body but lower in the lower body, including the legs. This condition can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, and even nosebleeds due to high blood pressure. Weak or absent lower extremity pulses, as well as pale and cool legs, are characteristic physical findings in coarctation of the aorta.

A. Tetralogy of Fallot: This is a different congenital heart defect characterized by a combination of four specific heart defects, including ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary stenosis, and an overriding aorta. It typically does not cause the symptoms described in the scenario.
C. Pulmonic Stenosis: This condition involves the narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery, leading to restricted blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. While it can cause various symptoms, it typically doesn't cause the specific blood pressure discrepancies described.
D. Tricuspid Atresia: This is a congenital heart defect where the tricuspid valve is absent or abnormally developed. It leads to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart. While it can cause cyanosis (bluish skin due to low oxygen levels), it doesn't typically cause the specific blood pressure findings mentioned.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Weighing the child daily (A) is the most accurate and objective method for monitoring fluid retention in a child with nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome can lead to significant fluid retention due to proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. Daily weight measurements can detect even small changes in body weight, which may be indicative of fluid accumulation. It is a sensitive and specific measure for assessing fluid status.
B. Measuring the abdominal girth weekly (B) can provide some information about abdominal distension, but it is not as precise or sensitive as daily weight measurements. Weight gain or loss can occur without significant changes in abdominal girth, especially in children.
C. Counting the number of wet diapers (C) may provide some information about urinary output, but it does not directly measure overall fluid retention or body weight changes. It is not as reliable as daily weight measurements for assessing fluid status.
D. Testing the urine for hematuria (D) is a valuable diagnostic test to assess kidney function and the presence of blood in the urine, but it does not directly measure fluid retention. Hematuria is not typically the primary indicator of fluid overload in nephrotic syndrome.
In summary, daily weight measurements are the best way to monitor fluid retention in a child with nephrotic syndrome, as they provide a direct and objective assessment of changes in fluid status. This allows healthcare providers to make timely adjustments to the child's treatment plan if necessary.

Correct Answer is ["Kawasaki disease"," evidenced by the patient's diagnosis of fever for 6 days"," strawberry tongue"," cervical lymphadenopathy"," and irritability."]

Explanation

Kawasaki disease, evidenced by the patient's diagnosis of fever for 6 days, strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, and irritability.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

in a non-potty trained child with nephrotic syndrome is the best way to detect fluid retention?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["Kawasaki disease"," evidenced by the patient's diagnosis of fever for 6 days"," strawberry tongue"," cervical lymphadenopathy"," and irritability."]

Explanation

A 5-year-old patient is brought into the Emergency Room and is diagnosed with an Acute Kidney injury (AKI). Which findings indicate this diagnosis?

The nurse notes that a child has lost 8 pounds after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is most likely the cause of the weight loss?

Which of the following would Nurse Tony supposed to regard as a cardinal manifestation or symptom of digoxin toxicity to his patient Clay diagnosed with heart failure?

The nurse is evaluating a female child with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis for signs of improvement. Which finding typically is the earliest sign of improvement?

The nurse is assessing a child with a cardiac problem. The child's extremities are cool with thready pulses, and urinary output is diminished. This is most suggestive of which of the following?

Which of the following disorders leads to cyanosis from deoxygenated blood entering the systemic arterial circulation?

Coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis, and pulmonic stenosis are congenital heart defects in which category?

The Foley Family is caring for their youngest child, Justin, who is suffering from tetralogy of Fallot. Which of the following are defects associated with this congenital heart condition?