Coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis, and pulmonic stenosis are congenital heart defects in which category?
Obstructive defects
Mixing defects
Decreased pulmonary blood flow
Increased pulmonary blood flow
The Correct Answer is A
Obstructive congenital heart defects involve the presence of narrowing or constriction in various parts of the heart or major blood vessels. In the case of coarctation of the aorta, there is a narrowing or constriction in the aorta, which can obstruct blood flow. Aortic stenosis involves the narrowing of the aortic valve, and pulmonic stenosis involves the narrowing of the pulmonary valve. These defects create obstacles to the normal flow of blood out of the heart, leading to increased pressure within the heart and affecting blood circulation.
The other categories mentioned are:
B. Mixing defects: These defects involve abnormal mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the heart, typically due to septal defects like atrial septal defect (ASD) or ventricular septal defect (VSD).
C. Decreased pulmonary blood flow: These defects are characterized by reduced blood flow to the lungs, such as in the tetralogy of Fallot.
D. Increased pulmonary blood flow: These defects involve increased blood flow to the lungs, often due to shunting of blood from the left side of the heart to the right side, as seen in atrial septal defects or ventricular septal defects.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
The congenital heart diseases that often require multiple surgeries to correct are:
A. Tetralogy of Fallot: Tetralogy of Fallot usually requires staged surgical repairs, with multiple surgeries performed over time to address the various components of the defect.
B. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome typically requires a series of staged surgeries, including the Norwood procedure, Glenn procedure, and Fontan procedure, to manage the condition.
E. Coarctation of the Aorta: Coarctation of the aorta may require multiple surgeries or interventions, depending on the severity of the coarctation and the associated cardiovascular abnormalities.
C. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and D. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) usually do not require multiple surgeries for correction. These defects can often be repaired with a single surgical intervention or may close spontaneously without surgery in some cases.
It's important to note that the necessity for multiple surgeries can vary based on the individual patient's condition and the specific anatomical details of the heart defect. Treatment plans are typically tailored to each patient's needs and can include a combination of surgical and medical interventions.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Kawasaki disease is a rare but serious condition that primarily affects children, particularly those under the age of 5. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels throughout the body, including the coronary arteries. If left untreated, Kawasaki disease can lead to the development of aneurysms in the coronary arteries. These aneurysms can put the child at risk for complications such as thrombosis (clot formation) or rupture of the affected arteries, which can be life-threatening.
The other options (A, C, and D) are not typically associated with Kawasaki disease:
A. Sepsis: Kawasaki disease is not an infectious disease, and it does not directly lead to sepsis. It is an inflammatory condition believed to have an autoimmune component.
C. Meningitis: Kawasaki disease primarily affects blood vessels and does not lead to the development of meningitis.
D. Mitral valve disease: While Kawasaki disease can affect the cardiovascular system, it is not a direct cause of mitral valve disease. The development of mitral valve disease would be a separate cardiac issue unrelated to Kawasaki disease.
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