Coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis, and pulmonic stenosis are congenital heart defects in which category?

Force fluids appropriate in age: It's important to ensure that the child receives an appropriate amount of fluids, taking into consideration their age and weight. This helps prevent dehydration and maintain adequate circulation.
In addition to option A, other important nursing care measures for infants and children with congestive heart failure include:
B. Organize activities to allow for uninterrupted sleep: Infants and children with heart failure may become fatigued easily, so it's important to create an environment that allows for sufficient rest and sleep.
C. Monitor respirations during active periods: Monitoring the child's respiratory rate and effort during active periods helps assess for signs of respiratory distress, which can be a manifestation of congestive heart failure.
D. Give smaller, more frequent feedings to conserve energy: Smaller, more frequent feedings can help reduce the energy expenditure required for digestion, making it easier for the child to eat and conserve energy for growth and development.
The focus of nursing care is to manage the symptoms of heart failure, support the child's overall well-being, and prevent complications. The specific interventions may vary based on the child's age, the severity of heart failure, and the underlying cause.

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta, the major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, is narrowed. As a result, blood pressure tends to be higher in the arms and upper body but lower in the lower body, including the legs. This condition can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, and even nosebleeds due to high blood pressure. Weak or absent lower extremity pulses, as well as pale and cool legs, are characteristic physical findings in coarctation of the aorta.

A. Tetralogy of Fallot: This is a different congenital heart defect characterized by a combination of four specific heart defects, including ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary stenosis, and an overriding aorta. It typically does not cause the symptoms described in the scenario.
C. Pulmonic Stenosis: This condition involves the narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery, leading to restricted blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. While it can cause various symptoms, it typically doesn't cause the specific blood pressure discrepancies described.
D. Tricuspid Atresia: This is a congenital heart defect where the tricuspid valve is absent or abnormally developed. It leads to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart. While it can cause cyanosis (bluish skin due to low oxygen levels), it doesn't typically cause the specific blood pressure findings mentioned.