An 86-year-old patient asks the nurse what lifestyle changes will reduce the chance of a urinary tract infection. Which response is accurate?

Decreasing fluid intake will decrease the amount of urine with bacteria produced.

Making sure to cleanse the perineal area from back to front after voiding will reduce the chance of infection.

Utilizing cotton rather than synthetic undergarments.

Urinary tract infections are unavoidable in the elderly because of a weakened immune system.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Decreasing fluid intake can actually increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) because it leads to concentrated urine and less frequent urination, which reduces the ability to flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
B. Cleansing the perineal area from back to front increases the risk of transferring bacteria from the rectum to the urethra, which is a common cause of UTIs. The correct technique is to cleanse from front to back.
C. Utilizing cotton rather than synthetic undergarments is beneficial because cotton is breathable and helps keep the genital area dry, reducing the risk of bacterial growth and infection.
D. Urinary tract infections are unavoidable in the elderly is not true. While the elderly may be at increased risk due to factors such as weakened immune systems, UTIs can often be prevented with proper hygiene, hydration, and lifestyle changes.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. An inverted P wave is not typically associated with hypokalemia but may indicate other conduction abnormalities such as atrial ectopic rhythms.
B. A wide QRS complex is more commonly associated with hyperkalemia rather than hypokalemia. It may also indicate other conduction delays or ventricular issues.
C. An elevated ST segment suggests myocardial injury or pericarditis, not hypokalemia.
D. A flattened T wave is a hallmark of hypokalemia. Low potassium levels affect the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle, leading to T wave flattening or inversion and, in severe cases, the presence of a U wave.

A. Encourage the client to void every 5-6 hours. B. Limit his fluid intake to 1.5L/day to minimize bladder fullness. C. Decrease his sodium intake to prevent fluid retention. D. Increase fluid intake to at least 3 L/day to dilute the urine.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Encouraging the client to void every 5-6 hours is not appropriate for preventing complications in chronic pyelonephritis. Regular voiding every 2-3 hours is recommended to prevent urinary stasis and bacterial growth.
B. Limiting fluid intake to 1.5L/day is counterproductive in chronic pyelonephritis, as it increases the risk of concentrated urine and urinary tract infections.
C. While decreasing sodium intake may be beneficial in other conditions, it is not directly relevant to managing chronic pyelonephritis. The focus is on maintaining adequate hydration.
D. Increasing fluid intake to at least 3 L/day helps dilute the urine, reduce bacterial concentration, and flush out the urinary system, which is essential for managing and preventing further episodes of pyelonephritis.

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An 86-year-old patient asks the nurse what lifestyle changes will reduce the chance of a urinary tract infection. Which response is accurate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

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