An adult client is transported via ambulance to the emergency department (ED) following a motor vehicle collision. On arrival the client reports experiencing severe upper back pain. The vital signs are a temperature of 98.6° F (37° C) orally, heart rate 145 beats/minute, respirations 26 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 70/40 mm Hg. Which change in assessment findings indicate that the client's condition is deteriorating?
Heart rate of 40 beats/minute.
Glasgow coma score of 15.
Oxygen saturation 90 percent.
Respiration 34 breaths/minute.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Heart rate of 40 beats/minute: A sudden drop in heart rate following initial tachycardia in a trauma client with hypotension may indicate neurogenic shock or worsening spinal cord injury. This bradycardia reflects loss of sympathetic tone and signifies cardiovascular collapse, making it a critical, life-threatening deterioration.
B. Glasgow coma score of 15: A GCS of 15 represents full neurological alertness and orientation. This finding indicates improvement or stability, not deterioration, in a trauma client’s neurological status.
C. Oxygen saturation 90 percent: While this indicates mild hypoxemia requiring intervention, it is not as severe or immediately life-threatening as the transition from tachycardia to bradycardia in the setting of shock. Oxygen supplementation can typically correct this decline.
D. Respiration 34 breaths/minute: An increase in respiratory rate signals distress or pain but still maintains ventilatory effort. Though concerning, it does not reflect a critical deterioration compared to severe bradycardia with hypotension, which threatens perfusion and cardiac output.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Primary cardiomyopathy: Cardiomyopathy involves chronic structural and functional heart muscle changes, often leading to heart failure symptoms like dyspnea and fatigue. It does not present acutely with pulsus paradoxus or a rapid rise in central venous pressure.
B. Acute pericarditis: Pericarditis causes chest pain and pericardial friction rub but rarely results in hemodynamic collapse. While inflammation may lead to fluid accumulation, cardiac tamponade is the condition that produces the severe pressure and pulsus paradoxus described.
C. Infective endocarditis: Endocarditis involves infection of heart valves and presents with fever, murmurs, and embolic phenomena. It does not cause acute pressure changes, distant heart sounds, or pulsus paradoxus immediately after cardiac surgery.
D. Cardiac tamponade: The rapid rise in central venous pressure, hypotension with pulsus paradoxus, distant heart sounds, and low ECG voltage are classic signs of cardiac tamponade. Postoperative fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac compresses the heart, impairing ventricular filling and causing circulatory collapse if not promptly relieved.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Neurologically stable without indications of an increased ICP: A GCS score of 14 indicates that the client is alert and responding appropriately, with only minimal changes in neurological function. Stability of this score over several hours suggests that intracranial pressure is being adequately controlled and that cerebral perfusion is maintained.
B. Risk for irreversible cerebral damage related to increased ICP: A consistent GCS of 14 does not reflect worsening neurological status. Irreversible cerebral damage is associated with persistently low or deteriorating GCS scores, generally below 8, in severe brain injury.
C. Rehabilitative prognosis is an expected full recovery: While a GCS of 14 reflects a mild injury and positive neurological function, it does not guarantee complete recovery. Long-term prognosis depends on additional factors such as the type and location of the brain injury.
D. Insertion of an ICP monitoring device is necessary: ICP monitoring is typically indicated when a client’s GCS is ≤8 or there is evidence of worsening intracranial pressure. With a stable score of 14, invasive monitoring is not immediately required unless new neurological changes occur.
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