An African American woman noticed some bruises on her newborn girl's buttocks.
She asks the nurse who spanked her daughter.
The nurse explains that these marks are called:

Mongolian spots.

Lanugo.

Nevus flammeus.

Vascular nevus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Mongolian spots are benign, flat bluish or bluish-gray birthmarks that commonly appear on the buttocks, lower back, or thighs of newborns, particularly those with darker skin tones, including African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics. They are caused by the entrapment of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) deep within the dermis during fetal development. These spots typically fade spontaneously within a few years and are not indicative of any underlying medical condition or trauma.

Choice B rationale

Lanugo is fine, downy hair that covers the body of some newborns, especially preterm infants. It is usually shed within the last few weeks of gestation or shortly after birth and is unrelated to bruising or pigmented spots on the buttocks.

Choice C rationale

Nevus flammeus, also known as a port-wine stain, is a vascular malformation of the skin that appears as a flat, pink, red, or purple birthmark. It is caused by dilated capillaries and does not typically occur as bluish spots on the buttocks. Port-wine stains are usually permanent and may darken with age.

Choice D rationale

Vascular nevus, also known as a strawberry hemangioma, is a raised, red, bumpy birthmark composed of extra blood vessels. While it is a type of birthmark, it does not present as flat, bluish spots on the buttocks. Hemangiomas typically grow rapidly in the first few months of life and then gradually shrink over several years.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A glucose reading of 58 mg/dL in a newborn is below the normal range (typically 40-60 mg/dL in the first hours of life, rising to 50-90 mg/dL). While this requires intervention to prevent hypoglycemia, other parameters might indicate a more immediate threat to the newborn's well-being.

Choice B rationale

A temperature of 97.4°F (36.3°C) is below the normal range for a newborn (typically 97.7°F to 99.5°F or 36.5°C to 37.5°C). Hypothermia in a newborn can lead to cold stress, increasing oxygen and glucose consumption, potentially leading to respiratory distress and hypoglycemia. Therefore, a low temperature requires immediate assessment and intervention to warm the newborn.

Choice C rationale

A respiratory rate of 48 breaths/minute is within the normal range for a newborn (typically 30-60 breaths/minute). While the respiratory rate should be monitored, it does not indicate an immediate critical issue in this case.

Choice D rationale

A pulse of 134 beats/minute is within the normal range for a newborn (typically 110-160 beats/minute). While the heart rate should be monitored, it does not indicate an immediate critical issue in this case. .

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"A"}

Explanation

The nurse should anticipate a provider prescription for pyridoxine due to the client’s severe dehydration.

Rationale for correct answers

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is recommended for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP), commonly known as hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), especially in patients with persistent symptoms leading to dehydration. Severe dehydration is confirmed by elevated urine specific gravity (normal: 1.002–1.030), low sodium (normal: 135–145 mEq/L), and positive ketones, indicating excessive vomiting and malnutrition.

Rationale for incorrect Response 1 options

Antibiotics: There is no evidence of infection; urinalysis and WBC count are within normal limits.
Magnesium sulfate: Used for eclampsia or preterm labor prevention, not for HG.
Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contractions and is contraindicated during early pregnancy unless labor induction is required.

Rationale for incorrect Response 2 options

Urinary tract infection: No leukocytes or nitrites in urine, and WBC count is normal (4,500–11,000/mm³).
Preeclampsia: No proteinuria or hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg).
Preterm labor: No uterine contractions or cervical changes.

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An African American woman noticed some bruises on her newborn girl's buttocks. She asks the nurse who spanked her daughter. The nurse explains that these marks are called:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse receives a handoff report.Which newborn should the nurse assess first?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a 26-year-old female client who is at 14 weeks of gestation in the antepartum clinic. Exhibits The nurse should anticipate a provider prescription for dropdown due to the client’s dropdown.

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"A"}

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum.Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse anticipate?

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The priority nursing intervention when admitting a pregnant woman who has experienced a bleeding episode in late pregnancy is to:

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During an initial examination in the labor room, the nurse notes a large amount of yellow-green or gray frothy and bubbly discharge around the vaginal walls with a foul smell.The nurse suspects the woman has which type of sexually transmitted infection?

A nurse is caring for a client following an amniocentesis.The nurse should observe the client for which of the following complications?

Which newborn reflex is elicited by stroking the lateral sole of the infant's foot from the heel to the ball of the foot?

When caring for a client with pre-eclampsia, which laboratory result should the nurse report to the physician immediately?

An African American woman noticed some bruises on her newborn girl's buttocks.
She asks the nurse who spanked her daughter.
The nurse explains that these marks are called: