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A client in the first trimester of pregnancy arrives at a health care clinic and reports that she has been experiencing vaginal bleeding.
A threatened abortion is suspected, and the nurse instructs the client regarding management of care.
Which statement, if made by the client, indicates a need for further education?

I will avoid sexual intercourse until the bleeding has stopped, and for two weeks following the last evidence of bleeding.

I will continue with my normal life after discharge.

I will count the number of perineal pads used on a daily basis and note the amount and color of blood on the pad.

I will watch for the evidence of the passage of tissue.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Avoiding sexual intercourse is recommended in the presence of threatened abortion to prevent further uterine irritation and potential disruption of the pregnancy. Pelvic rest helps to minimize the risk of increased bleeding or complications.

Choice B rationale

Continuing with normal life after discharge is an inappropriate statement. With a threatened abortion, the client needs to understand the importance of rest and avoiding strenuous activities that could potentially exacerbate bleeding or lead to further complications. Activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure or cause physical strain should be limited.

Choice C rationale

Counting perineal pads and noting the amount and color of blood is an important instruction for monitoring the extent of bleeding. This information helps the healthcare provider assess the progression or resolution of the threatened abortion and identify any signs of increased bleeding or passage of tissue.

Choice D rationale

Watching for the evidence of the passage of tissue is crucial as it could indicate a progressing miscarriage. The client should be instructed on how to collect any passed tissue for examination by the healthcare provider to confirm the outcome of the pregnancy. .

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Caput succedaneum is swelling of the soft tissues of the newborn's scalp, often caused by pressure during vaginal delivery. It is a separate condition from cephalohematoma, which involves bleeding between the periosteum and the skull bone. Therefore, cephalohematoma does not increase the risk for caput succedaneum.

Choice B rationale

Jaundice, or hyperbilirubinemia, is a common condition in newborns due to the breakdown of fetal red blood cells and the immature liver's inability to efficiently process bilirubin. Cephalohematomas involve the rupture of blood vessels, leading to an increased breakdown of red blood cells. This releases more bilirubin into the bloodstream, thus elevating the risk of jaundice in infants with cephalohematomas. Normal total bilirubin levels in newborns range from 1 to 12 mg/dL, varying with age in days.

Choice C rationale

Infection is a risk associated with any break in the skin or invasive procedure, but a cephalohematoma itself is a collection of blood beneath the periosteum and does not inherently create an open wound or direct pathway for infection. While infection of a cephalohematoma is possible, it is not a primary increased risk associated with its development.

Choice D rationale

Erythema toxicum is a common, benign skin rash seen in newborns, characterized by small, yellow-white papules or pustules surrounded by red skin. Its etiology is unknown but it is thought to be an inflammatory reaction of the hair follicles. It is not related to the presence or development of a cephalohematoma.

A. Ventrogluteal. B. Deltoid. C. Dorsogluteal. D. Vastus lateralis.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The ventrogluteal muscle, located in the hip, is a safe site for intramuscular injections in adults and children older than seven months due to its distance from major nerves and blood vessels. However, the vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh is the preferred site for IM injections in newborns and infants due to its well-developed muscle mass and accessibility.

Choice B rationale

The deltoid muscle, located in the upper arm, is small and not well-developed in newborns, making it an unsuitable site for intramuscular injections. There is also a risk of injury to the brachial nerve and blood vessels in this area in neonates.

Choice C rationale

The dorsogluteal muscle, located in the buttocks, is no longer the recommended site for intramuscular injections in infants and young children due to the proximity of the sciatic nerve and major blood vessels, increasing the risk of nerve damage.

Choice D rationale

The vastus lateralis muscle, located on the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, is the recommended site for intramuscular injections in newborns. It is a large, well-developed muscle that is easily accessible and away from major nerves and blood vessels, making it a safe and effective site for administering vitamin K to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Infants in whom cephalohematomas develop are at increased risk for:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer vitamin K by IM injection to a newborn.The nurse should administer the medication into which of the following muscles?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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