An emergency department nurse is admitting a 16-year-old client who has acute abdominal pain and is accompanied by his grandmother. The client requires an emergency appendectomy. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the grandmother?

"If his parents agree by phone that you may give consent, we'll need you to sign the form."

"Because he is 16 and this is an emergency, he has to sign the consent form."

"We cannot take him to the surgical suite until one of his parents signs the consent form."

"The doctor will provide consent because his parents are not with him."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "If his parents agree by phone that you may give consent, we'll need you to sign the form.": In emergency situations, verbal parental consent over the phone can be legally acceptable. If the parent delegates authority to the grandparent, written or verbal permission can authorize the grandparent to sign the consent.

B. "Because he is 16 and this is an emergency, he has to sign the consent form.": Most 16-year-olds are still considered minors and cannot independently provide legal consent for surgery unless they are emancipated or the procedure falls under minor-consent laws, which don’t include appendectomy.

C. "We cannot take him to the surgical suite until one of his parents signs the consent form.": In true emergencies, surgery can proceed without parental consent if delaying care would pose serious harm. While obtaining consent is ideal, it’s not always legally required in life-threatening situations.

D. "The doctor will provide consent because his parents are not with him.": Healthcare providers do not give legal consent for procedures. In emergencies, treatment can proceed without consent under implied consent laws, but the provider does not "sign" on the patient’s behalf.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Povidone-iodine:Although effective for skin disinfection, povidone-iodine requires a long drying time and is not the preferred agent for disinfecting the access port of central lines. It is more commonly used for preparing the skin before catheter insertion, not for port access.

B. Hydrogen peroxide:Hydrogen peroxide is not recommended for disinfecting central venous access devices due to its cytotoxic properties and potential to damage catheter materials. It can also irritate tissue and is not effective against all organisms.

C. 2% chlorhexidine:Chlorhexidine is the preferred antiseptic for disinfecting central venous catheter ports. It offers rapid, broad-spectrum antimicrobial action and prolonged residual activity, making it ideal for preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections.

D. 70% alcohol solution:Alcohol is commonly used but lacks the persistent antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine. While it can reduce surface microbes, it is less effective at preventing infection over time compared to 2% chlorhexidine.

A. 1 cup of strawberries B. 1 stalk of celery C. 1 cup of oatmeal D. 1 oz of peanuts

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. 1 cup of strawberries: While strawberries provide some dietary fiber and vitamins, they are not as fiber-dense per serving compared to whole grains or legumes. One cup contains about 3 grams of fiber.

B. 1 stalk of celery: Celery has minimal fiber content—about 1 gram per stalk—and is mostly water. It can be part of a high-fiber diet but is not the best source among the options listed.

C. 1 cup of oatmeal: Oatmeal is an excellent source of soluble fiber, particularly beta-glucan, which helps improve bowel regularity and reduce cholesterol. One cup contains around 4–5 grams of fiber, making it the highest in this list.

D. 1 oz of peanuts: Peanuts contain some fiber (around 2–3 grams per ounce) and protein, but their fat content is high, and they are not primarily used as a fiber-rich food source. They are less beneficial for increasing bulk in stool compared to oatmeal.

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An emergency department nurse is admitting a 16-year-old client who has acute abdominal pain and is accompanied by his grandmother. The client requires an emergency appendectomy. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the grandmother?

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