An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

Hepatocellular

Hemolytic

Obstructive

Metabolic

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:
Hepatocellular jaundice occurs due to damage or dysfunction of the liver cells (hepatocytes). This type of jaundice is associated with liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, where the liver cannot effectively process bilirubin. It is not directly related to increased red blood cell breakdown but rather to the liver’s inability to handle bilirubin.

Choice B reason:
Hemolytic jaundice results from an increased breakdown of red blood cells, leading to a higher production of bilirubin, which the liver cannot clear fast enough. This condition causes an overload of bilirubin in the blood, resulting in jaundice. Hemolytic jaundice is typically seen in conditions such as hemolytic anemia, where red blood cell destruction exceeds the liver's ability to process and excrete bilirubin.

Choice C reason:
Obstructive jaundice is caused by a blockage in the bile ducts, preventing bilirubin from being excreted into the digestive system. This blockage can result from gallstones, tumors, or strictures. It is not related to the increased breakdown of red blood cells but rather to the obstruction of bile flow, leading to bilirubin buildup in the liver and subsequently in the blood.

Choice D reason:
Metabolic jaundice results from metabolic disorders that affect bilirubin processing or liver function. These disorders can lead to abnormalities in bilirubin metabolism, but they are not directly caused by increased red blood cell breakdown. Metabolic jaundice is less common than other forms and typically involves inherited conditions affecting bilirubin conjugation and excretion.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Alcohol abuse is the leading cause of chronic pancreatitis in many cases. Chronic alcohol consumption leads to repeated episodes of pancreatic inflammation, resulting in fibrosis, loss of pancreatic function, and structural damage. Alcohol directly stimulates pancreatic secretions and contributes to the formation of protein plugs that obstruct pancreatic ducts, exacerbating the condition.
Choice B reason:
Bulimia is not a known contributing factor for chronic pancreatitis. While eating disorders can have gastrointestinal manifestations, they do not directly lead to the chronic inflammatory process seen in pancreatitis.
Choice C reason:
A history of gallstones is a recognized contributing factor to chronic pancreatitis. Gallstones can intermittently block the pancreatic duct, leading to inflammation and damage over time. While gallstones are more commonly associated with acute pancreatitis, they also play a role in the chronic form if untreated or recurrent.
Choice D reason:
Bacterial infection is not a primary contributing factor to chronic pancreatitis. While infections can complicate pancreatic conditions, they do not typically initiate the chronic inflammatory process. Chronic pancreatitis is more often caused by mechanical, toxic, or genetic factors rather than infectious agents.

A. Chronic renal failure B. Cirrhosis C. Hemorrhoids D. Undiagnosed abdominal pain

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:
In patients with chronic renal failure, the kidneys cannot effectively excrete magnesium, leading to the risk of hypermagnesemia. Magnesium hydroxide, commonly used as an antacid and laxative, should be used with caution or avoided in these patients to prevent magnesium accumulation in the blood, which can have serious cardiovascular and neuromuscular effects.

Choice B reason:
While cirrhosis affects liver function and can alter drug metabolism, magnesium hydroxide does not have a direct contraindication for use in patients with cirrhosis. However, caution is necessary due to potential electrolyte imbalances and altered pharmacokinetics. The primary concern with magnesium hydroxide in these patients is less critical compared to those with renal failure.

Choice C reason:
Hemorrhoids do not directly contraindicate the use of magnesium hydroxide. This condition primarily affects the veins around the rectum and anus and is unrelated to the systemic effects of magnesium. Therefore, the presence of hemorrhoids does not necessitate withholding the medication.

Choice D reason:
Undiagnosed abdominal pain is a significant consideration before administering magnesium hydroxide. The use of laxatives can exacerbate conditions like intestinal obstruction or acute abdomen. Therefore, caution is advised, but the immediate and more critical concern remains the risk posed to patients with chronic renal failure.

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An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 52-year-old female presents with continuous abdominal pain that intensifies after eating. She is diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. Contributing factors include:

Correct Answer is ["A","C"]

Explanation

Which condition(s) would cause the nurse to hold a PRN order for magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO (nothing by mouth) and may require gastric suctioning via NG tube, in order to:

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