An older adult client is suffering from urinary incontinence.
Which statement from the client suggests they have overflow incontinence?

Choice A rationale

Limiting sodium intake to no more than 2,000 milligrams per day is a recommended strategy to prevent hypertension. Excessive sodium intake can increase blood pressure by causing the body to retain fluid, which increases the volume of blood and subsequently, blood pressure.

Choice B rationale

While regular exercise is beneficial for overall health, the statement “I should exercise for 30 minutes three times per week” may not be sufficient for hypertension prevention. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes per week of vigorous aerobic activity, or a combination of both, preferably spread throughout the week.

Choice C rationale

Eating fish once per week is not a specific recommendation for preventing hypertension. While fish can be a good source of lean protein and omega-3 fatty acids, it does not directly relate to blood pressure control.

Choice D rationale

The statement “With a BMI of 30, I should maintain my current weight” is incorrect. A BMI of 30 falls into the category of obesity, which is a risk factor for hypertension. Weight loss is recommended for hypertension prevention and control in overweight and obese individuals.

Choice A rationale

Orthopnea, or difficulty breathing when lying flat, is a common symptom of left-sided heart failure. It occurs due to fluid accumulation in the lungs, which makes it hard for the person to breathe when lying down.

Choice B rationale

Pink frothy sputum is a sign of pulmonary edema, a condition often associated with left-sided heart failure. It happens when fluid backs up into the lungs, causing shortness of breath and coughing up blood-tinged, frothy sputum.

Choice C rationale

Lower extremity edema is a common symptom of right-sided heart failure. It occurs due to fluid accumulation in the peripheral tissues, especially the legs and ankles, as a result of the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively.

Choice D rationale

Damp skin, or diaphoresis, is not specifically associated with right-sided heart failure. It can be a symptom of many conditions, including left-sided heart failure, where it is caused by the body’s increased effort to compensate for the heart’s decreased pumping ability.