An older adult experiencing a progressively worsening memory and cognition for past two years may be experiencing which one of the following diseases?
Delirium
Amnesia
Dementia
Parkinson’s disease
The Correct Answer is C
A. Delirium is an acute, often sudden onset of confusion and altered mental status, usually caused by an underlying medical condition or medication. It tends to fluctuate and is typically reversible — not consistent with the progressive and long-term decline described.
B. Amnesia refers specifically to memory loss, which can be caused by trauma, disease, or psychological factors, but it does not encompass the broader cognitive decline (such as impaired judgment, language, and executive function) seen in dementia.
C. Dementia is characterized by a gradual and progressive decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning skills over time. The two-year progression described in the question is typical of dementia, especially in older adults.
D. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement.While it can be associated with dementia in later stages, the primary symptoms early on are related to motor function (e.g., tremors, rigidity), not memory and cognition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological condition that affects the central nervous system, but it is not the most common cause of dementia. While some people with multiple sclerosis may develop cognitive changes, it is not a primary cause of dementia.
B. Brain injury can result in cognitive impairments and changes in memory, but it is not the most common cause of dementia. Traumatic brain injury may lead to a type of dementia known as post-traumatic dementia, but it is relatively rare compared to Alzheimer's disease.
C. Huntington chorea (also called Huntington's disease) is a genetic disorder that leads to progressive movement, cognitive, and psychiatric problems. It can cause dementia, but it is a much less common cause compared to Alzheimer's disease.
D. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for the majority of cases. Alzheimer's is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects memory, thinking, and behavior, ultimately impairing a person’s ability to perform daily activities.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Agitation is a common symptom of hyperactive delirium. This state often involves excessive restlessness, combativeness, or irritability.
B. Sluggishness is more indicative of hypoactive delirium, where the patient is typically less responsive, lethargic, and withdrawn. It is not characteristic of the hyperactive form of delirium, which involves heightened activity and increased arousal.
C. Hallucination is a typical symptom of hyperactive delirium. Patients may experience visual or auditory hallucinations, which can increase agitation and confusion.
D. Restlessness is another hallmark symptom of hyperactive delirium, often leading to pacing, inability to stay still, and increased anxiety.
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