An older adult experiencing a progressively worsening memory and cognition for past two years may be experiencing which one of the following diseases?
Delirium
Amnesia
Dementia
Parkinson’s disease
The Correct Answer is C
A. Delirium is an acute, often sudden onset of confusion and altered mental status, usually caused by an underlying medical condition or medication. It tends to fluctuate and is typically reversible — not consistent with the progressive and long-term decline described.
B. Amnesia refers specifically to memory loss, which can be caused by trauma, disease, or psychological factors, but it does not encompass the broader cognitive decline (such as impaired judgment, language, and executive function) seen in dementia.
C. Dementia is characterized by a gradual and progressive decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning skills over time. The two-year progression described in the question is typical of dementia, especially in older adults.
D. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement.While it can be associated with dementia in later stages, the primary symptoms early on are related to motor function (e.g., tremors, rigidity), not memory and cognition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The Donepezil (Aricept) slows the progression of neural damage is the best response. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor that works by increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the brain, which may help maintain cognitive function in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. While it does not stop or reverse the disease, it can help slow the progression of symptoms such as memory loss and confusion in the earlier stages.
B. The Donepezil (Aricept) prevents aggressive behaviors is incorrect. While it may have some mild benefits on behavior for some patients, Donepezil is not primarily used for aggression; antipsychotic or mood-stabilizing medications are more commonly used if aggression is a significant concern.
C. The Donepezil (Aricept) reverses the neural damage and improves cognitive function is inaccurate. Donepezil does not reverse neural damage or cure Alzheimer's disease. It only manages symptoms to a limited degree.
D. The Donepezil (Aricept) improves mood often associated with cognitive is incorrect. Donepezil is not an antidepressant or mood stabilizer. While improved cognition might indirectly improve mood, mood disorders are typically treated with other classes of medications.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Delegate visiting family members to watch delirious patient is not a recommended safety guideline. While family members can offer support, they are not trained to monitor and manage the safety of a patient with delirium. This could also place undue stress on the family and compromise patient care.
B. Never leave a patient in acute delirium alone is a key safety guideline. Patients with delirium are at a higher risk for falls, injury, and disorientation. Close supervision is necessary to ensure their safety.
C. Use trained sitters to help with safety is a best practice. Trained sitters can ensure that the delirious patient remains safe and prevent them from wandering, falling, or becoming more agitated.
D. Use effective engagement techniques like reorientation and distraction are important in managing delirium. These techniques help to calm the patient, reduce confusion, and improve their comfort level.
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