At what ages should men perform monthly testicular self-exams?
18–30
35–45
45–60
18 and up
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: While testicular cancer is most common in men aged 15–35, limiting self-exams to this age range may miss cases in older men. Monthly self-exams are recommended starting at age 18 and continuing throughout adulthood.
Choice B reason: This age range excludes younger men who are at higher risk for testicular cancer. It is not consistent with preventive guidelines.
Choice C reason: Testicular cancer is less common in men over 45, and this age range does not reflect the peak incidence period.
Choice D reason: Monthly testicular self-exams are recommended for men aged 18 and older to promote early detection of testicular cancer, which has a high cure rate when caught early. Regular self-exams help men become familiar with their baseline anatomy and detect changes promptly.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: While mumps can cause inflammation and damage to the testes, there is no strong evidence linking mumps infection directly to an increased incidence of testicular cancer. This choice is misleading and not supported by current pathophysiological understanding.
Choice B reason: Decreased sperm count may occur as a consequence of mumps-related orchitis, but it is not the primary pathophysiological mechanism. The underlying cause is testicular inflammation and atrophy, which subsequently affects spermatogenesis.
Choice C reason: Mumps can lead to orchitis, particularly in post-pubertal males. Orchitis causes inflammation of the testicles, which can result in testicular atrophy and impaired sperm production. This is the most direct and well-established mechanism by which mumps affects male fertility.
Choice D reason: Varicocele is a separate condition involving dilated veins in the scrotum and is not caused by mumps. While varicocele can impair sperm quality, it is unrelated to the viral pathophysiology of mumps.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Cerebral edema is a rare but serious complication associated more with rapid shifts in osmolality, such as in dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. It is not the most common or significant complication of routine intermittent hemodialysis.
Choice B reason: Arrhythmias can occur due to electrolyte imbalances during dialysis, particularly with potassium shifts. However, they are less frequent and not as consistently observed as hypotension.
Choice C reason: Hypotension is the most frequent and significant complication of intermittent hemodialysis. It results from rapid fluid removal, autonomic dysfunction, or impaired cardiac output. It can lead to dizziness, nausea, cramps, and even syncope, making it a critical concern during dialysis sessions.
Choice D reason: Hypertension is a chronic issue in patients with kidney disease, but it is not a direct complication of the dialysis procedure itself. In fact, dialysis often helps manage fluid overload and blood pressure.
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