Correlation coefficients range from

A. Confounding: A confounding variable is an extraneous factor that varies with the independent variable and could provide an alternative explanation for the outcome; the video type is the manipulated factor, not an uncontrolled confound.
B. Control: A control variable is something the experimenter holds constant across conditions to prevent it from influencing the outcome; the video type is not something held constant.
C. Intervening: An intervening (mediating) variable is an internal process that links the independent and dependent variables (e.g., increased arousal), not the manipulated stimulus itself.
D. Dependent: The dependent variable is the outcome being measured (here, aggressive behavior); the video type is the presumed cause, not the outcome.
E. Independent: The independent variable is the factor the researchers manipulate (aggressive vs. nonaggressive video) to see its effect on behavior.

A. The biological clock:Refers to physiological timing (e.g., fertility) and not social expectations about when life events should happen.
B. The social clock:the social clock is the culturally shared timetable for life events (marriage, parenthood); feeling pressured because peers are married reflects the social clock.
C. Social anxiety:Social anxiety is fear of negative evaluation in social situations, not worry about being out of step with peers’ life timing.
D. An external locus of control:An external locus means one believes events are controlled by outside forces; it’s about perceived control, not specifically cultural timing pressures.
E. Moratorium:Moratorium (Marcia) describes identity exploration without commitment; it doesn’t describe concern about life-event timing.