Cushings Triad is an ominous sign including the following:
Elevated blood glucose is remarkable with Cushings triad
Cushings Triad includes a positive Macawens sign
Cushings triad includes tachycardia, seizures and rapid respirations
Bradycardia, irregular respirations and a widening pulse pressure.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Elevated blood glucose is remarkable with Cushing's Triad:
Elevated blood glucose is not one of the components of Cushing's Triad. The triad focuses on cardiovascular and respiratory changes associated with increased intracranial pressure, not blood glucose levels.
B. Cushing's Triad includes a positive Macawen's sign:
Macawen's sign is not part of Cushing's Triad. Cushing's Triad is specifically related to the physiological responses seen in response to increased intracranial pressure and is not associated with Macawen's sign.
C. Cushing's Triad includes tachycardia, seizures and rapid respirations:
This option is not accurate. Cushing's Triad involves bradycardia (slow heart rate), irregular respirations, and a widening pulse pressure. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and seizures are not part of Cushing's Triad but might be indicative of other medical conditions or complications.
D. Bradycardia, irregular respirations and a widening pulse pressure.
Explanation: Cushing's Triad is a set of three clinical signs that are indicative of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and are considered ominous as they suggest serious brain injury or pathology. The triad consists of:
Bradycardia: This refers to a slow heart rate. As intracranial pressure increases, it can lead to a decreased heart rate due to pressure on the brainstem, which is involved in regulating heart rate.
Irregular Respirations: Increased ICP can affect the brainstem's control over breathing, leading to irregular patterns of breathing, often known as Cheyne-Stokes respiration. This is characterized by periods of rapid breathing followed by apnea (temporary cessation of breathing).
Widening Pulse Pressure: Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. An increase in ICP can cause an increase in systolic blood pressure and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure, leading to a widening pulse pressure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat certain heart conditions, including some congenital heart defects. It's important to monitor the heart rate and other signs of toxicity when administering digoxin, especially in pediatric patients. Let's break down the information given:
The pediatric maintenance dose of digoxin is 5 mcg/kg daily.
The child weighs 55 pounds (approximately 25 kg).
Given these values, the total daily dose for this child would be:
Total daily dose = 5 mcg/kg × 25 kg = 125 mcg
This total daily dose is usually given as a single dose. However, the child's heart rate is noted to be only 50 beats per minute (bpm). A heart rate of 50 bpm in a child could potentially indicate bradycardia (slow heart rate), which can be a sign of digoxin toxicity. Bradycardia is a known adverse effect of digoxin, and it's important to assess for other signs of toxicity as well, such as nausea, vomiting, and changes in color vision.
In this case, it would be prudent to withhold the digoxin and assess the child further for signs of toxicity or bradycardia. The dose should not be administered until the healthcare provider is consulted and appropriate action is determined.
So, the correct answer is indeed NO. Administering the digoxin without considering the slow heart rate and the potential for toxicity could be unsafe for the child.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Pallor:
Pallor refers to paleness of the skin. While it can be associated with various medical conditions, it is not a typical symptom of hyperglycemia. Pallor is more commonly seen in conditions related to anemia or circulatory issues.
B. Lethargy
Explanation:
A blood glucose level of 280 mg/dL in a school-age child indicates hyperglycemia, which is an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood. Hyperglycemia commonly occurs in diabetes mellitus, specifically in Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. Lethargy is a symptom associated with high blood glucose levels. It is characterized by a state of extreme tiredness, sluggishness, and reduced responsiveness. Hyperglycemia can lead to an inadequate supply of glucose to the brain cells, which can result in lethargy and confusion.
C. Shallow respirations:
Shallow respirations typically do not directly correlate with high blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia's primary symptoms are related to changes in metabolism and glucose utilization, and it doesn't usually affect respiratory patterns in the same way that, for instance, respiratory distress might occur with conditions like ketoacidosis in diabetes.
D. Tremors:
Tremors, or uncontrollable shaking or trembling, are more commonly associated with hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) rather than hyperglycemia. Low blood glucose levels can cause the body to release adrenaline, leading to symptoms like tremors, anxiety, and sweating.
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