During a workshop, a pathophysiology instructor is teaching a group of students about hypothyroidism. Which statement identifies why hypothyroidism is rarely seen in the U.S. (United States)?

Genetic predisposition to the illness is rare in North American populations.

The addition of iodide to salt helps lower the incidence in the US.

There are better screening tools in the U.S. than in other countries.

There are better medications more readily available to US citizens.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Decreased respirations and CO2 retention: A thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm) typically involves increased, not decreased, respiratory rates and CO2 retention due to increased metabolic activity.

B. Seizures and extreme tachycardia: Thyrotoxic crisis is characterized by severe symptoms including extreme tachycardia, fever, and potentially seizures due to excessive thyroid hormone levels.

C. Constipation and a swollen abdomen: Constipation and abdominal swelling are more typical of hypothyroidism rather than a thyrotoxic crisis.

D. Hypotension and bradycardia: Thyrotoxic crisis usually causes tachycardia and hypertension rather than bradycardia and hypotension.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. His body does not produce any insulin so he must receive insulin injections: Type I diabetes is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in little to no insulin production. Therefore, insulin must be administered via injection to replace the insulin the body cannot produce.

B. The pills are not as effective as the insulin injections: While this might be partially true for Type I diabetes, it is not the complete answer. Oral medications are generally not effective in Type I diabetes because they stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin, which is not possible in these patients.

C. He will only be on insulin injections for a short while, then he can take a pill: This is incorrect. Type I diabetes requires lifelong insulin therapy.

D. He can stop the insulin injections once his body begins to make insulin again: This is incorrect as Type I diabetes is a permanent condition where the body cannot produce insulin.

A. "You have irreparably damaged your liver, there is no available treatment at this time." B. "A vaccine could have prevented this illness but a full recovery typically occurs with HAV.” C. "You likely came in contact with HAV infected blood to have contracted this disease." D. "Expect to feel better in about a month but expect to have the symptoms for life."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "You have irreparably damaged your liver, there is no available treatment at this time.": Hepatitis A is usually a self-limiting illness with full recovery, and the liver often heals completely.

B. "A vaccine could have prevented this illness but a full recovery typically occurs with HAV.”: Hepatitis A can be prevented by vaccination, and most people recover fully without lasting liver damage.

C. "You likely came in contact with HAV-infected blood to have contracted this disease.": Hepatitis A is transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route, not through blood contact.

D. "Expect to feel better in about a month but expect to have the symptoms for life.": While symptoms can last for several weeks to months, they do not persist for life in hepatitis A infections.

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During a workshop, a pathophysiology instructor is teaching a group of students about hypothyroidism. Which statement identifies why hypothyroidism is rarely seen in the U.S. (United States)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A young boy is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of new onset type I diabetes mellitus. As the registered nurse prepares to administer insulin, the child's mother asks why he can't just "take a pill. Which response, by the nurse, explains the rationale for an injection of insulin?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient presents to the emergency department (ED) with malaise, nausea and "yellow eyes." A diagnosis of hepatitis A (HAV) is confirmed. Which statement, by the registered nurse (RN), indicates an understanding of this illness?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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