During your physical examination of a 29-year-old professional volley ball player who recently completed a beach tournament, you gently pinch the skin on the chest area. The skin remains in a "tent" shape and slowly returns to its normal position. This is a sign of

Dehydration

Hypervolemia

Properly Hydrated

Infection

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Dehydration:

When the skin remains tented and returns to its normal position slowly after being pinched, it indicates decreased skin turgor, which is a clinical sign of dehydration. Dehydration can occur due to fluid loss from sweating during vigorous physical activity like a beach tournament.

B) Hypervolemia:

Hypervolemia refers to excess fluid volume in the body, which would typically manifest with signs such as peripheral edema or jugular vein distention rather than decreased skin turgor.

C) Properly Hydrated:

Properly hydrated individuals would have normal skin turgor, where the skin returns promptly to its normal position after being pinched.

D) Infection:

Skin tenting is not a specific sign of infection. Infection would typically present with localized signs such as redness, warmth, swelling, and possibly systemic signs like fever.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Concussions in sports and motor vehicle accidents cause the largest number of TBIs in teens: Adolescents are particularly susceptible to TBIs due to their frequent involvement in contact sports like football, soccer, and hockey, as well as risky behaviors associated with driving. These activities are leading causes of TBIs in this age group, making education on safety measures and proper use of protective equipment essential in prevention efforts.

B) Females have twice the risk that males do: This statement is incorrect. In reality, males are more likely to sustain TBIs than females, especially in adolescence. The higher risk in males is largely due to their greater participation in high-impact sports and higher likelihood of being involved in motor vehicle accidents.

C) Falls occur more frequently in the younger population: Although falls are a significant cause of TBIs in young children and older adults, they are not the primary cause in adolescents. Teens are more likely to sustain TBIs from sports injuries and car accidents, making these areas more relevant for preventive education.

D) Most firearm incidents are accidental: While firearm-related TBIs can occur, they are not as common in the adolescent population compared to injuries from sports and motor vehicle accidents. Prevention efforts should focus more on the activities that pose the highest risk for this age group.

A. Acanthosis Nigricans B. Cyanosis C. Jaundice D. Carotenemia

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Acanthosis Nigricans:

Acanthosis nigricans is characterized by dark, velvety patches of skin, often found in body folds such as the neck, armpits, and groin. It does not present as the yellow discoloration seen in the photo.

B. Cyanosis:

Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood. The image shows yellow discoloration, not the blue tint associated with cyanosis.

C. Jaundice:

Jaundice is indicated by a yellowish tint to the skin and sclera due to elevated bilirubin levels, commonly associated with liver dysfunction. The photo clearly shows this yellow discoloration, consistent with jaundice, often seen in chronic alcoholics with liver disease.

D. Carotenemia:

Carotenemia presents as a yellow-orange discoloration of the skin, especially on the palms and soles, due to high levels of carotene in the blood. It does not typically affect the sclera, which differentiates it from jaundice. The uniform yellowing of the skin and eyes in the photo aligns more with jaundice.

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During your physical examination of a 29-year-old professional volley ball player who recently completed a beach tournament, you gently pinch the skin on the chest area. The skin remains in a "tent" shape and slowly returns to its normal position. This is a sign of

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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