What is the primary pathophysiology of glaucoma?
Blockage of the tear ducts causing excessive tearing.
Inflammation of the cornea resulting in blurry vision.
Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to optic nerve damage.
Degeneration of the lens leading to cataracts.
The Correct Answer is C
A) Blockage of the tear ducts causing excessive tearing:
Blockage of tear ducts (dacryostenosis) results in excessive tearing (epiphora) due to inadequate drainage of tears into the nasal cavity. It does not directly contribute to glaucoma, which primarily involves increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve damage.
B) Inflammation of the cornea resulting in blurry vision:
Corneal inflammation (keratitis) can cause blurry vision, pain, and sensitivity to light, but it is not the primary pathophysiology of glaucoma. Glaucoma primarily involves damage to the optic nerve due to elevated IOP.
C) Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to optic nerve damage:
Glaucoma is characterized by elevated IOP, which puts pressure on the optic nerve and can lead to progressive damage and vision loss if untreated. This is the primary pathophysiological process in most types of glaucoma.
D) Degeneration of the lens leading to cataracts:
Cataracts involve the clouding of the lens of the eye, leading to visual impairment. While cataracts are a common condition in older adults, they are not directly related to the pathophysiology of glaucoma, which primarily involves elevated IOP and optic nerve damage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. To prevent further dehydration:
While preventing dehydration is important, it is not the primary reason for bringing a cup of water when assessing the thyroid gland. Dehydration is addressed through overall fluid management rather than during a specific thyroid exam.
B. To assist the client to feel more comfortable:
Providing comfort is essential, but bringing a cup of water specifically for comfort during a thyroid exam is not typically necessary. The primary focus of the water in this context is related to the assessment process.
C. To observe the movement of the thyroid gland:
Observing the movement of the thyroid gland during swallowing can help the nurse assess for abnormalities. Having the client drink water allows the nurse to observe the thyroid gland's movement, which can indicate the presence of goiters, nodules, or other irregularities.
D. To promote the nurse-client relationship:
Promoting a good nurse-client relationship is always beneficial, but bringing a cup of water for this specific purpose is not relevant to the physical assessment of the thyroid gland. The water's main purpose is to facilitate the physical examination process.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Obesity II:
A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 37 falls within the range of 35 to 39.9, which is classified as Obesity Class II according to the World Health Organization (WHO) BMI categories. This classification indicates a higher risk of obesity-related health conditions and complications.
B) Overweight:
The overweight category corresponds to a BMI range of 25 to 29.9. A BMI of 37 is significantly higher than this range, indicating a more severe level of excess weight and associated health risks.
C) Normal weight:
Normal weight is defined by a BMI range of 18.5 to 24.9. A BMI of 37 is well above this range, indicating that the patient has excess body weight far beyond what is considered normal.
D) Obesity:
While the term "obesity" generally refers to a BMI of 30 or higher, specific classes of obesity (Class I, II, and III) are defined for more precise categorization. A BMI of 37 specifically places the patient in the Obesity II category.
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