What is the primary pathophysiology of glaucoma?

Blockage of the tear ducts causing excessive tearing.

Inflammation of the cornea resulting in blurry vision.

Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to optic nerve damage.

Degeneration of the lens leading to cataracts.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Blockage of the tear ducts causing excessive tearing:

Blockage of tear ducts (dacryostenosis) results in excessive tearing (epiphora) due to inadequate drainage of tears into the nasal cavity. It does not directly contribute to glaucoma, which primarily involves increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve damage.

B) Inflammation of the cornea resulting in blurry vision:

Corneal inflammation (keratitis) can cause blurry vision, pain, and sensitivity to light, but it is not the primary pathophysiology of glaucoma. Glaucoma primarily involves damage to the optic nerve due to elevated IOP.

C) Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to optic nerve damage:

Glaucoma is characterized by elevated IOP, which puts pressure on the optic nerve and can lead to progressive damage and vision loss if untreated. This is the primary pathophysiological process in most types of glaucoma.

D) Degeneration of the lens leading to cataracts:

Cataracts involve the clouding of the lens of the eye, leading to visual impairment. While cataracts are a common condition in older adults, they are not directly related to the pathophysiology of glaucoma, which primarily involves elevated IOP and optic nerve damage.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. 20 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 40 represents the distance a normal eye reads the chart:

This is correct. The first number (20) represents the distance in feet the patient is from the Snellen chart. The second number (40) indicates the distance at which a person with normal vision can read the same line. Therefore, 20/40 means that what the patient can read at 20 feet, a person with normal vision can read at 40 feet.

B. 20 represents the distance a normal eye can read and 40 represents the distance your eye reads the chart:

This is incorrect. The first number should represent the distance the patient is from the chart, not the normal eye's reading distance.

C. 20 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 40 represents the distance your eye reads the chart:

This is incorrect. While the first number is correct (the distance from the chart), the second number should represent the distance a person with normal vision can read the same line, not the patient's distance.

D. 40 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 20 represents the distance a normal eye reads the chart:

This is incorrect. The standard for visual acuity measurements is that the first number represents the testing distance (usually 20 feet), and the second number represents the distance at which a normal eye can read the line.

A. Exophthalmos B. Palpitations C. Diaphoresis D. Weight gain

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Exophthalmos:

Exophthalmos, or protruding eyeballs, is typically associated with hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) rather than hypothyroidism. It results from the accumulation of fluid and swelling behind the eyeballs.

(b) Palpitations:

Palpitations, or rapid heartbeat, are more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism due to the increased metabolic rate and sympathetic nervous system stimulation. In hypothyroidism, bradycardia (slow heart rate) is more likely.

Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, is not a typical finding in hypothyroidism. It is more commonly associated with conditions that cause autonomic dysfunction or hypermetabolic states.

(d) Weight gain:

Weight gain is a hallmark symptom of hypothyroidism. It occurs due to a slowing down of the metabolic rate, leading to reduced calorie expenditure and potential fluid retention.

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What is the primary pathophysiology of glaucoma?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is performing a complete physical examination on a patient. After examining the patient with the Snellen chart, the nurse documented distance vision in both eyes 20/40. The patient asks the nurse what 20/40 means:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has hypothyroidism. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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