Exhibits

For each client finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with meningitis or influenza. Each finding may support more than 1 disease process or none at all. There must be at least 1 selection in every column. There does not need to be a selection in every row.

Headache

Brudzinski sign

Head and neck range of motion

Light sensitivity

Temperature

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"A,B"}}

Client Findings	Meningitis	Influenza
Headache	✓	✓
Brudzinski sign	✓
Head and neck range of motion	✓
Light sensitivity	✓
Temperature	✓	✓

Headache: Both conditions may present with headache; however, in meningitis, it is often severe and accompanied by neurological signs, whereas in influenza, it may result from systemic illness and fever.
Brudzinski sign: A classic sign of meningeal irritation, where passive neck flexion leads to involuntary hip and knee flexion. Not seen in influenza.
Head and neck ROM: Restricted neck movement with pain is common in meningitis due to inflammation of the meninges. Normal neck ROM is usually maintained in influenza.
Light sensitivity: Photophobia is a hallmark of meningeal inflammation and increased intracranial pressure. It is not a typical feature of influenza.
Temperature: Fever is a shared symptom due to systemic infection and inflammation in both meningitis and influenza.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","F"]

Explanation

Capillary refill 4 seconds: Prolonged capillary refill indicates poor peripheral perfusion, often due to dehydration or shock in toddlers. This requires urgent assessment and intervention to prevent further circulatory compromise.
Extremities cool: Cool extremities suggest vasoconstriction caused by decreased circulating volume or shock. Immediate evaluation is necessary to prevent progression of hypovolemia.
Reports no tears: Lack of tears while crying is a hallmark sign of moderate to severe dehydration, signaling the need for urgent fluid replacement therapy.
Lethargic: Lethargy reflects altered mental status and possible systemic compromise, requiring immediate medical evaluation to address underlying causes such as severe dehydration or infection.
Hyperactive bowel sounds: Hyperactive bowel sounds correlate with diarrhea and fluid loss, which can worsen dehydration. Prompt monitoring and management are necessary to prevent complications.

Rationale for Incorrect Choices:

Respiratory rate 26/min: This respiratory rate falls within the normal toddler range (20–30/min) and does not indicate respiratory distress or need for urgent intervention.
Heart rate 112/min: A mild tachycardia can be expected in a toddler with mild dehydration or distress but is not an isolated sign of immediate concern.
Diaper area reddened: Diaper rash is a common irritation due to frequent stools and requires routine skin care, not urgent clinical action unless worsened.

A. Decreased blood pressure B. Weight loss C. Elevated serum protein levels D. Tea-colored urine

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Decreased blood pressure: Acute glomerulonephritis typically causes fluid retention and increased vascular resistance, leading to elevated blood pressure rather than decreased blood pressure. Hypertension is a common finding due to impaired kidney function.

B. Weight loss: Clients with acute glomerulonephritis often experience fluid retention, resulting in weight gain rather than weight loss. Edema and increased extracellular fluid volume contribute to this weight gain.

C. Elevated serum protein levels: Serum protein levels are usually decreased in acute glomerulonephritis because protein is lost in the urine (proteinuria). This loss reduces the overall serum protein concentration, especially albumin.

D. Tea-colored urine: Tea-colored or cola-colored urine is a classic sign of acute glomerulonephritis. It results from hematuria caused by red blood cells leaking through the inflamed glomeruli into the urine, giving it a dark, discolored appearance.

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Body system	Findings
Respiratory	Respiratory rate 26/min
Cardiovascular	Heart rate 112/min Capillary refill 4 seconds
Gastrointestinal	Hyperactive bowel sounds
Integumentary	Diaper area reddened Extremities cool Reports no tears
Neurologic	Lethargic

Exhibits For each client finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with meningitis or influenza. Each finding may support more than 1 disease process or none at all. There must be at least 1 selection in every column. There does not need to be a selection in every row.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","F"]

Explanation

A nurse is performing a physical assessment for a school-age child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a child who has bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a potential risk for aspiration?

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of an infant who is at risk for sudden unexpected infant death syndrome (SUIDS). Which of the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is providing teaching about home care to a parent of a 3-year-old child who has a fever. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

A nurse is teaching an adolescent how to manage his cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements by the adolescent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Exhibits Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options. The nurse should first address the child's dropdown followed by the child's dropdown.

Exhibits

For each client finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with meningitis or influenza. Each finding may support more than 1 disease process or none at all. There must be at least 1 selection in every column. There does not need to be a selection in every row.