Fetal well-being during labor is assessed by:

Environmental health is concerned with the impact of environmental factors on human health, including physical, chemical, biological, and social factors. By improving environmental health in a community, we can decrease exposure to environmental hazards and reduce the incidence of environmentally related diseases, resulting in improved health outcomes.

One of the most important outcomes of environmental health interventions is increased life expectancy for the community. By reducing exposure to environmental hazards, such as air pollution, water pollution, and toxic chemicals, we can decrease the incidence of environmentally related diseases, such as respiratory disease, cancer, and neurological disorders. This, in turn, can increase life expectancy and improve the overall health of the community.

Health literacy is defined as the degree to which an individual can obtain, process, and

understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Basic functional health literacy refers to an individual's ability to read and understand simple health information and instructions.

While all the clients mentioned may be demonstrating health literacy, the ability to read and understand discharge instructions after routine surgery is a basic functional health literacy skill. This client is able to comprehend written health information and follow simple instructions, which is an important aspect of managing their own health care.

The other clients mentioned may be displaying a higher level of health literacy, such as the client who is teaching a class about cancer survival or the client with Type II Diabetes who is using nutritional information to make a grocery list. These individuals may have a greater ability to understand and apply complex health information and navigate the healthcare system.