For the client mentioned above (nausea/vomiting, Salmonella infection), the nurse anticipates an order for which of the following IV fluids?

3% Sodium Chloride slow continuous infusion

Dextrose 10% in water rapid bolus infusion

0.9% Sodium Chloride with 40 mEq Potassium (KCl) rapid bolus infusion

Lactated Ringers rapid bolus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: This statement is false. 3% Sodium Chloride is a hypertonic solution that can cause fluid overload, hypernatremia, and cellular dehydration. It is not indicated for a patient with nausea, vomiting, and Salmonella infection, who is likely to have fluid and electrolyte losses.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. Dextrose 10% in water is a hypotonic solution that can cause fluid shifts, hyponatremia, and cellular edema. It is not indicated for a patient with nausea, vomiting, and Salmonella infection, who is likely to have fluid and electrolyte losses.

Choice C reason: This statement is true. 0.9% Sodium Chloride with 40 mEq Potassium (KCl) is an isotonic solution that can maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. It is indicated for a patient with nausea, vomiting, and Salmonella infection, who is likely to have fluid and electrolyte losses, especially sodium and potassium.

Choice D reason: This statement is false. Lactated Ringers is an isotonic solution that can maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, but it also contains lactate, which can be converted to bicarbonate in the liver. It is not indicated for a patient with nausea, vomiting, and Salmonella infection, who may have metabolic acidosis due to diarrhea and lactate accumulation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Burning pain and tingling in extremities are not symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, but of peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy affects the sensory and motor nerves that innervate the skin, muscles, and joints. It can cause pain, numbness, weakness, and loss of sensation in the extremities. Autonomic neuropathy affects the nerves that control the involuntary functions of the body, such as digestion, blood pressure, heart rate, and sweating.

Choice B reason: Nausea and feeling of abdominal fullness are symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, specifically of gastroparesis. Gastroparesis is a condition where the stomach muscles are weakened or paralyzed, and cannot move food properly. It can cause delayed gastric emptying, nausea, vomiting, bloating, early satiety, and poor blood glucose control. Autonomic neuropathy can damage the vagus nerve, which regulates the stomach motility and secretion.

Choice C reason: Elevated blood pressure and delayed capillary refill are not symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, but of cardiovascular problems. Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of the arteries, and capillary refill is the time it takes for the color to return to the nail bed after pressing on it. Elevated blood pressure can indicate hypertension, which is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Delayed capillary refill can indicate poor blood circulation, which can be caused by atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, or shock. Autonomic neuropathy can affect the blood pressure and heart rate, but usually causes hypotension and tachycardia, not hypertension and delayed capillary refill.

Choice D reason: Increased thirst and excessive urination are not symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, but of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a condition where the body cannot produce or use insulin properly, and the blood glucose level becomes too high. Increased thirst and excessive urination are signs of hyperglycemia, which is a high blood glucose level. Hyperglycemia can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and ketoacidosis. Autonomic neuropathy can be a complication of diabetes mellitus, but it does not cause increased thirst and excessive urination.

A. Purplish streaks on the abdomen B. Chronically low blood pressure C. Bronzed appearance of the skin D. Decreased axillary and pubic hair

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Purplish streaks on the abdomen are also known as striae. They are caused by the thinning and weakening of the skin due to excess cortisol, a hormone that is elevated in Cushing syndrome. Striae are a common sign of Cushing syndrome, along with weight gain, moon face, and buffalo hump.

Choice B reason: Chronically low blood pressure is not associated with Cushing syndrome. Cushing syndrome can cause high blood pressure, due to the effects of cortisol on the cardiovascular system. Low blood pressure can be a sign of adrenal insufficiency, which is the opposite of Cushing syndrome.

Choice C reason: Bronzed appearance of the skin is not related to Cushing syndrome. Bronzed skin can be a sign of Addison's disease, which is a condition of low cortisol and low aldosterone. Addison's disease can cause hyperpigmentation of the skin, especially in the areas exposed to sun, such as the face, neck, and hands.

Choice D reason: Decreased axillary and pubic hair is also not related to Cushing syndrome. Cushing syndrome can cause increased hair growth, especially on the face, chest, and back. This is due to the androgenic effects of cortisol. Decreased hair growth can be a sign of hypothyroidism, which is a condition of low thyroid hormone.

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For the client mentioned above (nausea/vomiting, Salmonella infection), the nurse anticipates an order for which of the following IV fluids?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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