Four patients are due to receive their morning insulin and breakfast will be served in 15 minutes. Which patient should the nurse administer insulin to first?

Choice A rationale

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, does not trigger the pancreas to secrete insulin. In fact, it’s the opposite. When blood sugar levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon, a hormone that signals the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream.
Choice B rationale
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is the primary trigger for the pancreas to secrete insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps move glucose from the blood into the cells where it can be used for energy. When blood glucose levels rise, such as after a meal, the pancreas releases more insulin.
Choice C rationale
Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that works with insulin to control blood sugar levels. However, it does not trigger the pancreas to secrete insulin. Instead, glucagon acts when blood sugar levels are low, signaling the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream.
Choice D rationale
Ketoacids, or ketones, are substances made when the body breaks down fat for energy. The production of ketones is usually a sign that the body is not getting enough glucose for energy. However, they do not trigger the pancreas to secrete insulin.

Choice A rationale
While it’s true that some people with tuberculosis (TB) may not have symptoms (a condition known as latent TB), many people with active TB do have symptoms. Symptoms can include a cough that lasts more than three weeks, pain in the chest, and coughing up blood or sputum.
Choice B rationale

Antituberculosis drugs are indeed used extensively for treating active TB disease. However, they are also used in some cases for prevention, such as in people who have been exposed to TB or who have latent TB4.
Choice C rationale
Treatment for TB usually requires a much longer period than treatment for most other infections. TB treatment can take from 6 to 9 months or even longer, especially for drug- resistant TB45.
Choice D rationale
Mycobacteria, the bacteria that cause TB, do have a cell wall that is resistant to penetration by many anti-infective drugs. This is one reason why TB requires a long treatment period with a combination of drugs.