George, an 85yearold man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, was rushed to the emergency department with increasing shortness of breath, restlessness, and difficulty communicating due to his inability to complete a sentence. On assessment, tachycardia and a bounding pulse were noted. Wheezes could be heard in the lower lobes. His blood gas shows a pH of 7.3, PaCO2 of 68 mmHg, HCO3 of 28 mmol/L, and PaO2 of 60 mmHg. How would you interpret this?
Metabolic Acidosis, Uncompensated
Metabolic Acidosis, Partially Compensated
Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated
Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a low HCO3. However, George's HCO3 is within normal range, indicating that metabolic acidosis is not the primary issue.
Choice B reason: Partially compensated metabolic acidosis would present with a low pH and a low HCO3, along with a low PaCO2 as the body attempts to compensate. George's PaCO2 is elevated, which is not consistent with this condition.
Choice C reason: George's high PaCO2 and near normal HCO3 suggest that his primary issue is respiratory acidosis. The body has begun to compensate by retaining HCO3, making it partially compensated.
Choice D reason: Uncompensated respiratory acidosis would present with an elevated PaCO2 and a normal HCO3. Since George's HCO3 is elevated, it indicates partial compensation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Weight bearing exercises, such as walking, jogging, and dancing, are beneficial for building and maintaining bone density. These activities force the body to work against gravity, stimulating bone formation and slowing bone loss.
Choice B reason: While bone density scans are useful for diagnosing osteoporosis, they are not typically used as a preventive measure but rather as a diagnostic tool to assess bone health.
Choice C reason: Drinking coffee in moderation is not directly related to preventing osteoporosis. Excessive caffeine intake can interfere with calcium absorption, but a single cup is unlikely to have a significant impact.
Choice D reason: Increasing sodium intake is not recommended as it can lead to calcium loss through urine, which is counterproductive for bone health.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Right lower quadrant.
McBurney's point is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, which is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus. This is the area where tenderness is most likely to be maximal in cases of acute appendicitis.
Choice B reason: Left lower quadrant
The left lower quadrant is not typically associated with appendicitis pain, as the appendix is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.
Choice C reason: Right upper quadrant
The right upper quadrant is generally associated with other conditions such as gallbladder issues, not appendicitis.
Choice D reason: The left upper quadrant
The left upper quadrant is also not associated with appendicitis pain, as it is on the opposite side of the typical location of the appendix.
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