Health risks associated with being underweight include which of the following? Select all that apply.
Hormonal abnormalities
Excess adipose tissue
Iron deficiency anemia
High blood pressure
Delayed wound healing
Correct Answer : A,C,E
A. Being underweight can disrupt hormonal balance, including reproductive hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. In women, this can lead to irregular menstrual cycles or amenorrhea, while in men it can affect fertility and overall endocrine function.
B. Excess adipose tissue is a health risk associated with being overweight or obese, not underweight. Underweight individuals typically have low body fat stores.
C. Iron deficiency anemia is more common in underweight individuals due to inadequate dietary intake of iron-rich foods. Low body weight may also reflect overall malnutrition, increasing the risk of deficiencies in iron and other essential nutrients.
D. High blood pressure is typically associated with overweight and obesity rather than being underweight. Underweight individuals are less likely to develop hypertension solely due to low body weight.
E. Delayed wound healing can occur in underweight individuals because inadequate caloric intake and nutrient deficiencies (such as protein, zinc, and vitamin C) impair tissue repair and immune function, making recovery from injuries slower.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Amylase is an enzyme, not a hormone. It aids in carbohydrate digestion by breaking down starch into sugars but does not regulate blood glucose levels.
B. Leptin and ghrelin are hormones involved in appetite regulation. Leptin signals satiety, while ghrelin stimulates hunger. They influence energy intake but do not directly control blood glucose.
C. Glucagon does help raise blood glucose, but cholecystokinin (CCK) primarily regulates digestion by stimulating bile and pancreatic enzyme release and signaling satiety; it does not directly control glucose levels.
D. Insulin and glucagon are the primary hormones responsible for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Insulin, secreted by pancreatic beta cells, lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells and storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Glucagon, secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) and glucose production (gluconeogenesis) in the liver. Together, they maintain blood glucose within a narrow, healthy range, essential for energy supply to the brain and other tissues.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A body fluid percentage of 15–25% is too low for a healthy adult. Such low levels would indicate severe dehydration or an unusually low water content, which is not typical of normal physiology.
B. In a healthy adult, body fluids typically account for 50–70% of total body weight. This includes both intracellular fluid (inside cells, about two-thirds of total body water) and extracellular fluid (outside cells, including plasma, interstitial fluid, and minor components). Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining cell function, regulating body temperature, transporting nutrients and oxygen, and removing waste products. Factors like age, sex, and body composition can influence the exact percentage; for example, men usually have a slightly higher percentage of body water than women due to higher lean muscle mass.
C. A body water percentage of 25–40% is lower than normal for healthy adults and may indicate dehydration or abnormal body composition.
D. A percentage of 80–90% is typical only for newborns, not adults. Infants have higher body water content relative to body weight, which gradually decreases as they grow.
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