How do steroid hormones typically exert their effects on target cells?
By blocking ion channels on the cell membrane.
By entering the cell and directly influencing gene expression.
By binding to cell surface receptors and activating second messenger systems.
By altering the pH of the target cell's cytoplasm.
The Correct Answer is B
A. By blocking ion channels on the cell membrane.: Blocking ion channels is a mechanism more typical of some neurotransmitters or drugs, not the usual action of steroid hormones.
B. By entering the cell and directly influencing gene expression.: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, cross the cell membrane, bind intracellular receptors, and modulate transcription of target genes.
C. By binding to cell surface receptors and activating second messenger systems.: Binding cell-surface receptors and second-messenger activation is characteristic of peptide and many amine hormones, not steroid hormones.
D. By altering the pH of the target cell's cytoplasm.: Steroid hormones do not exert their effects by changing intracellular pH.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. By blocking ion channels on the cell membrane.:Blocking ion channels is a mechanism more typical of some neurotransmitters or drugs, not the usual action of steroid hormones.
B. By entering the cell and directly influencing gene expression.:Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, cross the cell membrane, bind intracellular receptors, and modulate transcription of target genes.
C. By binding to cell surface receptors and activating second messenger systems.:Binding cell-surface receptors and second-messenger activation is characteristic of peptide and many amine hormones, not steroid hormones.
D. By altering the pH of the target cell's cytoplasm.:Steroid hormones do not exert their effects by changing intracellular pH.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. negative:The option is ambiguous as written, but if interpreted as O negative (O–), that blood type lacks A, B, and Rh antigens and is considered the universal red blood cell donor type for most recipients.
B. A positive:A+ blood has A and Rh antigens and cannot be given safely to all ABO/Rh groups because recipients with anti-A or anti-Rh antibodies would react.
C. AB positive:AB+ is the universal recipient (can receive from any ABO/Rh) but is not universally safe to donate to all patients because it has A, B, and Rh antigens.
D. B negative:B– blood contains B antigen and would be incompatible with recipients who have anti-B antibodies; it is not safe for all ABO groups.
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