If a person had measles as a child, which of the following best describes their immunity to measles?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
The Correct Answer is B
A. Naturally acquired passive immunity
Passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred (e.g., from mother to baby); it does not involve the person’s immune system actively responding.
B. Naturally acquired active immunity
This occurs when a person is exposed to a pathogen, like the measles virus, and their body mounts an immune response, producing long-lasting immunity.
C. Artificially acquired active immunity
This is obtained through vaccination, not from infection.
D. Artificially acquired passive immunity
This refers to receiving antibodies (e.g., through injection of immune globulin), not through natural infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Skin:
The skin is part of the first line of defense, acting as a physical barrier.
B. Phagocytosis:
Phagocytosis, carried out by white blood cells like macrophages and neutrophils, is a component of the second line of defense, which includes non-specific internal immune responses.
C. Coughing:
Coughing is part of the first line of defense-mechanical clearance.
D. Sneezing:
Like coughing, sneezing is a mechanical defense included in the first line.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Infections:
Infections in older adults are often due to immune suppression, not directly from autoantibodies.
B. Cancer:
While aging does increase cancer risk, autoantibodies do not directly cause cancer.
C. Allergic reaction:
Allergies involve hypersensitivity reactions to external antigens, not the body's own cells.
D. Autoimmune disease:
Autoantibodies target the body's own tissues, leading to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, which are more common in older adults.
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