In bipolar disorder, it is theorized that initial episodes are likely triggered by major life events that cause the brain to become overly sensitive to electrical stimulation. Successive episodes grow increasingly more autonomous due to neuronal misfiring. Which term represents this concept?

Which of the following aspects of bipolar disorder predicts a favorable response to lithium treatment?

The PMHNP is evaluating a 27-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder due to a childhood history of sexual trauma. Today she has brought her husband with her. He reports that he sometimes feels he has "two wives who have different likes and dislikes, different tastes in food, clothing, and entertainment, and even talk in different voices." The patient says she has periods in which she has no memory of what took place. As an example, she says she may be dining out with her husband and have no recollection of how she got there. The PMHNP will evaluate for which of the following disorders?

A 66-year-old man is a long-time client of the PMHNP. He has been taking several vitamins under the supervision of the provider. Recently, he had a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and was placed on warfarin (Coumadin). Which of the following vitamins or supplements will the client need to discontinue?

A 63-year-old man was recently placed on warfarin (Coumadin) by his nurse practitioner. Which of the following supplements will he need to discontinue?

A 22-year-old woman recently began treatment with fluoxetine (Prozac) for major depressive disorder. She now exhibits symptoms of mania. She completes the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and her score is 25. What does this indicate?

The factors that raise the risk for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke are collectively known as:

A 25-year-old female pharmaceutical sales representative presents to the PMHNP for an evaluation due to what she calls an increasing level of anxiety about her job, which she has had for approximately 1 year. She works from a home office, and it has become unorganized and cluttered. She frequently forgets deadlines for submitting reports, and as a result she turns them in at the last minute. She has been chastised more than once by her boss for not paying attention to details on these necessary reports. Because she does not report to anyone on a day-to-day basis, she often gets completely overwhelmed by the autonomy of the job, and as a result she completely "shuts down." She knows she should be planning her time better, but she has never been good at time management or planning. During her evaluation, she reports making excellent grades until she got to college. She says she can remember not being able to pay attention to teachers as early as first grade, and her report cards frequently said she talked too much. She often got in trouble at home for not finishing chores because she was easily distracted and forgetful. Today, she says she is getting so overwhelmed and anxious about her job performance that she is thinking about quitting. She says her friends are tired of her complaining and tell her she has it "so good." She wishes someone would just tell her exactly what to do every day so she didn't have to think about anything.

Based on her understanding of the etiologic risk factors for Parkinson’s disease, the PMHNP asks about family history and:

Kelly is a 22-year-old woman who was involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) 1 year ago. She now presents to the mental health clinic with her mother, who complains that Kelly's personality has changed drastically in the past year. Upon thorough examination, Kelly most likely has experienced an injury to which part of her brain?

The PMHNP is working on an inpatient geropsychiatric unit. He is conducting the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) on an 89-year-old woman with suspected dementia. He asks her to draw a clock to test her visual processing abilities. Which area of the brain is responsible for this function?