In bipolar disorder, it is theorized that initial episodes are likely triggered by major life events that cause the brain to become overly sensitive to electrical stimulation. Successive episodes grow increasingly more autonomous due to neuronal misfiring. Which term represents this concept?

The NP is providing teaching to a 53-year-old woman who was recently diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which statement by the woman would indicate a need for further teaching?

For a 39-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis who is treatment-naive with mild disease, which of the following would be considered an appropriate first-line therapy?

The PMHNP is evaluating a 7-year-old boy who is brought in by his grandmother. The child has epicanthal skin folds, a short nose, a small head circumference, and a smooth, indistinct philtrum. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 2-year-old boy presents to the nurse practitioner with new onset seizures and a history of a port-wine stain at birth. Which of the following is not a clinical feature of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS)?

The PMHNP primarily works with older adult patients who frequently present with cognitive issues. He knows many people with Lewy body dementia are misdiagnosed or do not receive diagnosis for 18 months or more. Which of the following assessment tools does the PMHNP use to discriminate between Lewy body dementia (LBD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Lewy body disease from other forms of cognitive impairment?

A 49-year-old female patient has been taking gabapentin for 6 months. It has produced some relief for her neuropathic pain, but she still rates her average daily pain at about a 5. What would be the next most appropriate treatment?

The PMHNP is evaluating a new client who reports symptoms of one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode. Which psychiatric condition is most closely associated with these experiences?

The nurse practitioner (NP) is working in an urgent care clinic which advertises treatment for "broken bones." Which is not a correct definition of each classification of fracture?

An 83-year-old man presents to the community behavioral health clinic, where he is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease by the PMHNP. He currently smokes two packs of cigarettes a day and declines help with smoking cessation. Which medication for Alzheimer's disease is contraindicated in this patient due to smoking status?

A 29-year-old pregnant woman presents to her nurse practitioner (NP) for a prenatal visit. The NP advises her to receive vaccination against whooping cough and influenza. Which of the following, besides the flu shot, will she receive?