In Lewin’s classic theory of change, what occurs during the refreezing phase of change?

Choice A rationale:
Sims' position is a side-lying position with the lower leg flexed and the upper leg extended. It is not ideal for bladder scanning because it can compress the bladder and make it difficult to obtain an accurate reading.
Additionally, in Sims' position, the bladder may not be fully accessible to the scanner, as it may be partially obscured by the upper thigh.
Choice B rationale:
Dorsal recumbent position is the optimal position for bladder scanning. In this position, the client lies flat on their back with their knees bent and their feet flat on the bed. This position allows for:
Full exposure of the bladder, making it easily accessible to the scanner.
Relaxation of the abdominal muscles, which can help to ensure an accurate reading.
A comfortable position for the client, promoting cooperation and reducing the likelihood of movement that could interfere with the scan.

Choice C rationale:
Supine position is a similar position to dorsal recumbent, but with the legs fully extended. While it is possible to perform a bladder scan in this position, it is not as ideal as dorsal recumbent because:
The extended legs can place some tension on the abdominal muscles, potentially affecting bladder position and the scan's accuracy.
The client may find this position less comfortable, leading to restlessness and potential movement that could interfere with the scan.

Choice D rationale:
High Fowler's position is a semi-sitting position with the head of the bed elevated at a 45- to 60-degree angle. This position is not suitable for bladder scanning because:
Gravity can pull the bladder downwards, making it difficult to visualize and measure accurately.
It can be challenging to maintain proper positioning of the scanner on the abdomen in this position, potentially leading to inaccurate readings.

Choice A rationale:
While urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a potential risk with furosemide use, they are not the most immediate or anticipated effect following initiation of the medication.
UTIs can occur due to changes in urinary flow and potential catheter use.
However, furosemide's primary action is to increase urine output, which would not directly lead to a higher risk of UTIs at the onset of treatment.
Choice B rationale:
Concentrated dark urine is typically associated with dehydration or conditions that cause the kidneys to conserve water, such as kidney disease or severe fluid loss.
Furosemide, on the other hand, is a diuretic that promotes water loss through the urine, leading to more dilute urine.
Choice C rationale:
Transient incontinence can occur with furosemide due to the rapid increase in urine production, but it is not the most predictable or anticipated effect.
Increased urine production is expected, but transient incontinence may or may not occur in all patients.
Choice D rationale:
This is the most accurate and anticipated response.
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidneys.
This leads to a significant increase in urine output, often within a few hours of administration. The urine produced is typically dilute and light-colored, as it contains a higher concentration of water and electrolytes. This is the intended effect of furosemide, as it helps to reduce fluid overload and edema.